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Large language models (LLMs) can handle a wide variety of general tasks with simple prompts, without the need for task-specific training. Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), built upon LLMs, have demonstrated impressive potential in…

Learning from human preferences is important for language models to match human needs and to align with human and social values. Prior works have achieved remarkable successes by learning from human feedback to understand and follow…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-19 Hao Liu , Carmelo Sferrazza , Pieter Abbeel

Our goal is to enable large language models (LLMs) to balance multiple human preference dimensions; such as helpfulness, safety, and verbosity, through principled and controllable alignment. Existing preference optimization methods,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Mete Erdogan

Optimizing multiple objectives simultaneously is an important task for recommendation platforms to improve their performance. However, this task is particularly challenging since the relationships between different objectives are…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-02-13 Pan Li , Alexander Tuzhilin

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences is critical for enhancing LLMs' safety, helpfulness, humor, faithfulness, etc. Current reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) mainly focuses on a fixed reward learned…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-07 Qiang He , Yucheng Yang , Tianyi Zhou , Meng Fang , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Setareh Maghsudi

The last year has witnessed the rapid progress of large language models (LLMs) across diverse domains. Among them, CodeLLMs have garnered particular attention because they can not only assist in completing various programming tasks but also…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-10-25 Yibo Miao , Bofei Gao , Shanghaoran Quan , Junyang Lin , Daoguang Zan , Jiaheng Liu , Jian Yang , Tianyu Liu , Zhijie Deng

Multi-objective learning under user-specified preference is common in real-world problems such as multi-lingual speech recognition under fairness. In this work, we frame such a problem as a semivectorial bilevel optimization problem, whose…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2025-04-07 Lisha Chen , Quan Xiao , Ellen Hidemi Fukuda , Xinyi Chen , Kun Yuan , Tianyi Chen

Offline preference-based reinforcement learning (RL), which focuses on optimizing policies using human preferences between pairs of trajectory segments selected from an offline dataset, has emerged as a practical avenue for RL applications.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-08 Chen-Xiao Gao , Shengjun Fang , Chenjun Xiao , Yang Yu , Zongzhang Zhang

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has become a cornerstone for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values. However, existing approaches struggle to capture the multi-dimensional, distributional nuances of human…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-20 Zelei Cheng , Xin-Qiang Cai , Yuting Tang , Pushi Zhang , Boming Yang , Masashi Sugiyama , Xinyu Xing

This paper studies reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) for aligning large language models with human preferences. While RLHF has demonstrated promising results, many algorithms are highly sensitive to misspecifications in the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-30 Erhan Xu , Kai Ye , Hongyi Zhou , Luhan Zhu , Francesco Quinzan , Chengchun Shi

Large language model (LLM) alignment faces a critical dilemma when addressing multiple human preferences: improvements in one dimension frequently come at the expense of others, creating unavoidable trade-offs between competing objectives…

Machine learning applications frequently come with multiple diverse objectives and constraints that can change over time. Accordingly, trained models can be tuned with sets of hyper-parameters that affect their predictive behavior (e.g.,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-10-17 Bracha Laufer-Goldshtein , Adam Fisch , Regina Barzilay , Tommi Jaakkola

We study estimation and statistical inference for reward models used in aligning large language models (LLMs). A key component of LLM alignment is reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), where humans compare pairs of…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-12-04 Pangpang Liu , Junwei Lu , Will Wei Sun

Aligning language models to human expectations, e.g., being helpful and harmless, has become a pressing challenge for large language models. A typical alignment procedure consists of supervised fine-tuning and preference learning. Most…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-27 Tianchi Cai , Xierui Song , Jiyan Jiang , Fei Teng , Jinjie Gu , Guannan Zhang

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has emerged as an effective approach to aligning large language models (LLMs) to human preferences. RLHF contains three steps, i.e., human preference collecting, reward learning, and policy…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-03-29 Hao Lang , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li

The recent surge of versatile large language models (LLMs) largely depends on aligning increasingly capable foundation models with human intentions by preference learning, enhancing LLMs with excellent applicability and effectiveness in a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-19 Ruili Jiang , Kehai Chen , Xuefeng Bai , Zhixuan He , Juntao Li , Muyun Yang , Tiejun Zhao , Liqiang Nie , Min Zhang

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have been remarkable, with new models consistently surpassing their predecessors. These advancements are underpinned by extensive research on various training mechanisms. Among these,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-12 Hansle Gwon , Imjin Ahn , Young-Hak Kim , Sanghyun Park , Tae Joon Jun

Autonomous robots are increasingly utilized in realistic scenarios with multiple complex tasks. In these scenarios, there may be a preferred way of completing all of the given tasks, but it is often in conflict with optimal execution.…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2023-06-26 Peter Amorese , Morteza Lahijanian

Alignment training is crucial for enabling large language models (LLMs) to cater to human intentions and preferences. It is typically performed based on two stages with different objectives: instruction-following alignment and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-24 Chenglong Wang , Hang Zhou , Kaiyan Chang , Bei Li , Yongyu Mu , Tong Xiao , Tongran Liu , Jingbo Zhu

Alignment in artificial intelligence pursues the consistency between model responses and human preferences as well as values. In practice, the multifaceted nature of human preferences inadvertently introduces what is known as the "alignment…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-14 Yiju Guo , Ganqu Cui , Lifan Yuan , Ning Ding , Zexu Sun , Bowen Sun , Huimin Chen , Ruobing Xie , Jie Zhou , Yankai Lin , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun