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We extend the formalism of Conjectural Variations games to Stackelberg games involving multiple leaders and a single follower. To solve these nonconvex games, a common assumption is that the leaders compute their strategies having perfect…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2025-07-24 Francesco Morri , Hélène Le Cadre , Luce Brotcorne

Stackelberg games are a classic example of bilevel optimization problems, which are often encountered in game theory and economics. These are complex problems with a hierarchical structure, where one optimization task is nested within the…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2013-07-25 Ankur Sinha , Pekka Malo , Anton Frantsev , Kalyanmoy Deb

We consider a repeated sequential game between a learner, who plays first, and an opponent who responds to the chosen action. We seek to design strategies for the learner to successfully interact with the opponent. While most previous…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-07-13 Pier Giuseppe Sessa , Ilija Bogunovic , Maryam Kamgarpour , Andreas Krause

We address two-player general-sum stochastic Stackelberg games (SSGs), where the leader's policy is optimized considering the best-response follower whose policy is optimal for its reward under the leader. Existing policy gradient and value…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2026-03-17 Mikoto Kudo , Youhei Akimoto

We consider the problem of learning to exploit learning algorithms through repeated interactions in games. Specifically, we focus on the case of repeated two player, finite-action games, in which an optimizer aims to steer a no-regret…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2025-05-29 Yizhou Zhang , Yi-An Ma , Eric Mazumdar

This paper studies algorithmic decision-making under human's strategic behavior, where a decision maker uses an algorithm to make decisions about human agents, and the latter with information about the algorithm may exert effort…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2024-09-16 Tian Xie , Xuwei Tan , Xueru Zhang

We consider the problem of efficiently learning to play single-leader multi-follower Stackelberg games when the leader lacks knowledge of the lower-level game. Such games arise in hierarchical decision-making problems involving…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-12-11 Anna Maddux , Marko Maljkovic , Nikolas Geroliminis , Maryam Kamgarpour

Stackelberg games (SGs) constitute the most fundamental and acclaimed models of strategic interactions involving some form of commitment. Moreover, they form the basis of more elaborate models of this kind, such as, e.g., Bayesian…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2024-05-14 Francesco Bacchiocchi , Matteo Bollini , Matteo Castiglioni , Alberto Marchesi , Nicola Gatti

In this paper, we consider a discrete-time stochastic Stackelberg game with a single leader and multiple followers. Both the followers and the leader together have conditionally independent private types, conditioned on action and previous…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2022-09-21 Deepanshu Vasal

Designing socially optimal policies in multi-agent environments is a fundamental challenge in both economics and artificial intelligence. This paper studies a general framework for learning Stackelberg equilibria in dynamic and uncertain…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-09-23 Jun He , Andrew L. Liu , Yihsu Chen

As machine learning algorithms increasingly influence critical decision making in different application areas, understanding human strategic behavior in response to these systems becomes vital. We explore individuals' choice between…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-17 Sura Alhanouti , Parinaz Naghizadeh

We introduce and study incentive equilibria for multi-player meanpayoff games. Incentive equilibria generalise well-studied solution concepts such as Nash equilibria and leader equilibria (also known as Stackelberg equilibria). Recall that…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2015-11-03 Anshul Gupta , M. S. Krishna Deepak , Bharath Kumar Padarthi , Sven Schewe , Ashutosh Trivedi

Strategic interaction in congested systems is commonly modelled using Stackelberg games, where competing leaders anticipate the behaviour of self-interested followers. A key limitation of existing models is that they typically ignore agents…

多智能体系统 · 计算机科学 2026-03-06 Niloofar Aminikalibar , Farzaneh Farhadi , Maria Chli

Shared control allows the human driver to collaborate with an assistive driving system while retaining the ability to make decisions and take control if necessary. However, human-vehicle teaming and planning are challenging due to…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2024-03-19 Yuhan Zhao , Quanyan Zhu

Many real-world strategic games involve interactions between multiple players. We study a hierarchical multi-player game structure, where players with asymmetric roles can be separated into leaders and followers, a setting often referred to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-10-25 Yaolong Yu , Haifeng Xu , Haipeng Chen

In Stackelberg security games when information about the attacker's payoffs is uncertain, algorithms have been proposed to learn the optimal defender commitment by interacting with the attacker and observing their best responses. In this…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2019-11-01 Jiarui Gan , Qingyu Guo , Long Tran-Thanh , Bo An , Michael Wooldridge

Stackelberg games, widely applied in domains like economics and security, involve asymmetric interactions where a leader's strategy drives follower responses. Accurately modeling these dynamics allows domain experts to optimize strategies…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-07-01 Kuang-Da Wang , Ping-Chun Hsieh , Wen-Chih Peng

Algorithms for playing in Stackelberg games have been deployed in real-world domains including airport security, anti-poaching efforts, and cyber-crime prevention. However, these algorithms often fail to take into consideration the…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2024-10-15 Keegan Harris , Zhiwei Steven Wu , Maria-Florina Balcan

Stackelberg equilibrium is a solution concept that describes optimal strategies to commit: Player 1 (the leader) first commits to a strategy that is publicly announced, then Player 2 (the follower) plays a best response to the leader's…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2021-11-04 Aditya Aradhye , Branislav Bošanský , Michael Hlaváček

In this paper, we introduce a generalization of the standard Stackelberg Games (SGs) framework: Calibrated Stackelberg Games (CSGs). In CSGs, a principal repeatedly interacts with an agent who (contrary to standard SGs) does not have direct…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2023-06-07 Nika Haghtalab , Chara Podimata , Kunhe Yang