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The availability of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to a new generation of powerful chatbots that can be developed at relatively low cost. As companies deploy these tools, security challenges need to be addressed to prevent financial…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-12 Ahmad Alobaid , Martí Jordà Roca , Carlos Castillo , Joan Vendrell

Large Language Models (LLMs) face a significant threat from multi-turn jailbreak attacks, where adversaries progressively steer conversations to elicit harmful outputs. However, the practical effectiveness of existing attacks is undermined…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-12 Songze Li , Ruishi He , Xiaojun Jia , Jun Wang , Zhihui Fu

This paper provides a systematic survey of jailbreak attacks and defenses on Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs), emphasizing that jailbreak vulnerabilities stem from structural factors such as incomplete training…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-08 Zejian Chen , Chaozhuo Li , Chao Li , Xi Zhang , Litian Zhang , Yiming He

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) comprise of both visual and textual modalities to process vision language tasks. However, MLLMs are vulnerable to security-related issues, such as jailbreak attacks that alter the model's input to…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-27 Xingwei Zhong , Kar Wai Fok , Vrizlynn L. L. Thing

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly popular for their advanced text generation capabilities across various domains. However, like any software, they face security challenges, including the risk of 'jailbreak' attacks that…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-01-31 Jie Li , Yi Liu , Chongyang Liu , Ling Shi , Xiaoning Ren , Yaowen Zheng , Yang Liu , Yinxing Xue

Ensuring the safety of Large Language Models (LLMs) is critical for real-world deployment. However, current safety measures often fail to address implicit, domain-specific risks. To investigate this gap, we introduce a dataset of 3,000…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-01-09 Liang Shan , Kaicheng Shen , Wen Wu , Zhenyu Ying , Chaochao Lu , Yan Teng , Jingqi Huang , Guangze Ye , Guoqing Wang , Liang He

Large Language Models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to optimization-based jailbreak attacks that exploit internal gradient structure. While Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) are widely used for interpretability, their robustness implications remain…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-22 Ahson Saiyed , Sabrina Sadiekh , Chirag Agarwal

Vulnerability of Frontier language models to misuse and jailbreaks has prompted the development of safety measures like filters and alignment training in an effort to ensure safety through robustness to adversarially crafted prompts. We…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-31 David Glukhov , Ziwen Han , Ilia Shumailov , Vardan Papyan , Nicolas Papernot

Jailbreaks are adversarial attacks designed to bypass the built-in safety mechanisms of large language models. Automated jailbreaks typically optimize an adversarial suffix or adapt long prompt templates by forcing the model to generate the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-31 Raffaele Mura , Giorgio Piras , Kamilė Lukošiūtė , Maura Pintor , Amin Karbasi , Battista Biggio

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT and GPT-4, are designed to provide useful and safe responses. However, adversarial prompts known as 'jailbreaks' can circumvent safeguards, leading LLMs to generate potentially harmful content.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-09 Peng Ding , Jun Kuang , Dan Ma , Xuezhi Cao , Yunsen Xian , Jiajun Chen , Shujian Huang

The increasing integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into society necessitates robust defenses against vulnerabilities from jailbreaking and adversarial prompts. This project proposes a recursive framework for enhancing the resistance…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-12-10 Bryan Li , Sounak Bagchi , Zizhan Wang

Jailbreak attacks pose persistent threats to large language models (LLMs). Current safety alignment methods have attempted to address these issues, but they experience two significant limitations: insufficient safety alignment depth and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-09-19 Yuanbo Xie , Yingjie Zhang , Tianyun Liu , Duohe Ma , Tingwen Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive capabilities, yet ensuring their safety against harmful prompts remains a critical challenge. Recent work has revealed that the latent representations (embeddings) of harmful and safe…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Xu Zhao , Xiting Wang , Weiran Shen

Despite the outstanding performance of Large language Models (LLMs) in diverse tasks, they are vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, wherein adversarial prompts are crafted to bypass their security mechanisms and elicit unexpected responses.…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-04-25 Zeqing He , Zhibo Wang , Zhixuan Chu , Huiyu Xu , Wenhui Zhang , Qinglong Wang , Rui Zheng

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used, understanding them systematically is key to improving their safety and realizing their full potential. Although many models are aligned using techniques such as reinforcement learning from…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-16 Sajib Biswas , Mao Nishino , Samuel Jacob Chacko , Xiuwen Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have developed rapidly in web services, delivering unprecedented capabilities while amplifying societal risks. Existing works tend to focus on either isolated jailbreak attacks or static defenses, neglecting the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-27 Xurui Li , Kaisong Song , Rui Zhu , Pin-Yu Chen , Haixu Tang

Although many large language models (LLMs) have been trained to refuse harmful requests, they are still vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks which rewrite the original prompt to conceal its harmful intent. In this paper, we propose a new…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-10 Yihan Wang , Zhouxing Shi , Andrew Bai , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Intent detection, a core component of natural language understanding, has considerably evolved as a crucial mechanism in safeguarding large language models (LLMs). While prior work has applied intent detection to enhance LLMs' moderation…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-26 Jun Zhuang , Haibo Jin , Ye Zhang , Zhengjian Kang , Wenbin Zhang , Gaby G. Dagher , Haohan Wang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and Supervised Finetuning (SFT) have become the predominant paradigms for equipping Large Language Models (LLMs) with external knowledge for diverse, knowledge-intensive tasks. However, while such…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-12-04 Haowei Fu , Bo Ni , Han Xu , Kunpeng Liu , Dan Lin , Tyler Derr

Existing studies in backdoor defense have predominantly focused on the training phase, overlooking the critical aspect of testing time defense. This gap becomes pronounced in the context of LLMs deployed as Web Services, which typically…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-13 Wenjie Mo , Jiashu Xu , Qin Liu , Jiongxiao Wang , Jun Yan , Hadi Askari , Chaowei Xiao , Muhao Chen