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Adversarial training (AT) is an effective defense for large language models (LLMs) against jailbreak attacks, but performing AT on LLMs is costly. To improve the efficiency of AT for LLMs, recent studies propose continuous AT (CAT) that…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-15 Shaopeng Fu , Di Wang

Despite advances in AI alignment, large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks or jailbreaking, in which adversaries can modify prompts to induce unwanted behavior. While some defenses have been proposed, they have…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-11 Andy Zhou , Bo Li , Haohan Wang

Deploying large vision-language models (LVLMs) introduces a unique vulnerability: susceptibility to malicious attacks via visual inputs. However, existing defense methods suffer from two key limitations: (1) They solely focus on textual…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-03-17 Shuyang Hao , Yiwei Wang , Bryan Hooi , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Jun Liu , Chengcheng Tang , Zi Huang , Yujun Cai

Safety alignment mechanism are essential for preventing large language models (LLMs) from generating harmful information or unethical content. However, cleverly crafted prompts can bypass these safety measures without accessing the model's…

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities across diverse applications. However, concerns regarding their security, particularly the vulnerability to jailbreak attacks, persist. Drawing inspiration from adversarial…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-25 Yujun Zhou , Yufei Han , Haomin Zhuang , Kehan Guo , Zhenwen Liang , Hongyan Bao , Xiangliang Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly utilized in healthcare applications. However, their deployment in clinical practice raises significant safety concerns, including the potential spread of harmful information. This study…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-03-05 Hang Zhang , Qian Lou , Yanshan Wang

Ensuring safety alignment is a critical requirement for large language models (LLMs), particularly given increasing deployment in real-world applications. Despite considerable advancements, LLMs remain susceptible to jailbreak attacks,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-02 Xin Yi , Yue Li , Dongsheng Shi , Linlin Wang , Xiaoling Wang , Liang He

Red teaming is critical for uncovering vulnerabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs). While automated methods have improved scalability, existing approaches often rely on static heuristics or stochastic search, rendering them brittle…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-22 Huilin Zhou , Jian Zhao , Yilu Zhong , Zhen Liang , Xiuyuan Chen , Yuchen Yuan , Tianle Zhang , Chi Zhang , Lan Zhang , Xuelong Li

Multi-turn jailbreak attacks simulate real-world human interactions by engaging large language models (LLMs) in iterative dialogues, exposing critical safety vulnerabilities. However, existing methods often struggle to balance semantic…

Jailbreaking in Large Language Models (LLMs) is a major security concern as it can deceive LLMs to generate harmful text. Yet, there is still insufficient understanding of how jailbreaking works, which makes it hard to develop effective…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-22 Lang Gao , Jiahui Geng , Xiangliang Zhang , Preslav Nakov , Xiuying Chen

Representation engineering (RepE) defenses have shown strong robustness against jailbreak attacks on large language models (LLMs). However, these methods fundamentally rely on black-list supervision: they learn jailbreak-to-refusal…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Luoyu Chen , Weiqi Wang , Zhiyi Tian , Feng Wu , Ahmed Asiri , Shui Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that circumvent their safety mechanisms. While existing defense methods either suffer from adaptive attacks or require computationally expensive auxiliary…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-25 Xunguang Wang , Wenxuan Wang , Zhenlan Ji , Zongjie Li , Pingchuan Ma , Daoyuan Wu , Shuai Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) rapidly reshape modern life, advancing fields from healthcare to education and beyond. However, alongside their remarkable capabilities lies a significant threat: the susceptibility of these models to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-16 Michael Fire , Yitzhak Elbazis , Adi Wasenstein , Lior Rokach

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have recently demonstrated impressive performances across diverse domains. However, how the safety of Large Language Models (LLMs) benefits from enhanced reasoning capabilities against jailbreak queries remains…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-23 Junda Zhu , Lingyong Yan , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Lei Sha

Large language models (LLMs), known for their capability in understanding and following instructions, are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Researchers have found that current commercial LLMs either fail to be "harmless" by presenting…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-10-05 Bocheng Chen , Advait Paliwal , Qiben Yan

Despite extensive pre-training in moral alignment to prevent generating harmful information, large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. In this paper, we propose AutoDefense, a multi-agent defense framework that…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-15 Yifan Zeng , Yiran Wu , Xiao Zhang , Huazheng Wang , Qingyun Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly attracting attention in various applications. Nonetheless, there is a growing concern as some users attempt to exploit these models for malicious purposes, including the synthesis of controlled…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-01-22 Chongwen Zhao , Yutong Ke , Kaizhu Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success but remain highly susceptible to jailbreak attacks, in which adversarial prompts coerce models into generating harmful, unethical, or policy-violating outputs. Such attacks pose…

Large Language Models (LLMs) face threats from jailbreak prompts. Existing methods for defending against jailbreak attacks are primarily based on auxiliary models. These strategies, however, often require extensive data collection or…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-21 Zhuoran Yang , Yanyong Zhang

Conversational large language models are trained to refuse to answer harmful questions. However, emergent jailbreaking techniques can still elicit unsafe outputs, presenting an ongoing challenge for model alignment. To better understand how…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-08 Sarah Ball , Frauke Kreuter , Nina Panickssery