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The Model Context Protocol (MCP) enables large language models to invoke external tools through natural-language descriptions, forming the foundation of many AI agent applications. However, MCP does not enforce consistency between…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-04 Zhihao Li , Boyang Ma , Xuelong Dai , Minghui Xu , Yue Zhang , Biwei Yan , Kun Li

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) enables large language models (LLMs) to dynamically discover and invoke third-party tools, significantly expanding agent capabilities while introducing a distinct security landscape. Unlike prompt-only…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-10 Mehrdad Rostamzadeh , Sidhant Narula , Nahom Birhan , Mohammad Ghasemigol , Daniel Takabi

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is rapidly emerging as a pivotal open standard, designed to enhance agent-tool integration and interoperability, and is positioned to unlock a new era of powerful, interconnected, and genuinely utilitarian…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-15 Zikang Guo , Benfeng Xu , Chiwei Zhu , Wentao Hong , Xiaorui Wang , Zhendong Mao

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is an open and standardized interface that enables large language models (LLMs) to interact with external tools and services, and is increasingly adopted by AI agents. However, the security of MCP-based…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-10 Yuhang Huang , Boyang Ma , Biwei Yan , Xuelong Dai , Yechao Zhang , Minghui Xu , Kaidi Xu , Yue Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly augmented with external tools through standardized interfaces like the Model Context Protocol (MCP). However, current MCP implementations face critical limitations: they typically require local…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-11 Arash Ahmadi , Sarah Sharif , Yaser M. Banad

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) represents a significant advancement in AI-tool integration, enabling seamless communication between AI agents and external services. However, this connectivity introduces novel attack vectors that remain…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-07-29 Nicola Croce , Tobin South

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) standardizes how AI agents discover and invoke external tools, with over 10,000 active servers and 97 million monthly SDK downloads as of early 2026. Yet MCP does not yet standardize how agents safely…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-04-16 Vasundra Srinivasan

Model Context Protocol (MCP) servers have rapidly emerged over the past year as a widely adopted way to enable Large Language Model (LLM) agents to access dynamic, real-world tools. As MCP servers proliferate and become easy to adopt via…

In the artificial intelligence space, as we transition from isolated large language models to autonomous agents capable of complex reasoning and tool use. While foundational architectures and local context management protocols have been…

多智能体系统 · 计算机科学 2026-02-18 Naveen Kumar Krishnan

Computational data governance aims to make the enforcement of governance policies and legal obligations more efficient and reliable. Recent advances in natural language processing and agentic AI offer ways to improve how organizations share…

新兴技术 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Marco Tonnarelli , Filippo Scaramuzza , Simon Harrer , Linus W. Dietz

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) has been proposed as a unifying standard for connecting large language models (LLMs) with external tools and resources, promising the same role for AI integration that HTTP and USB played for the Web and…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2025-11-18 Hechuan Guo , Yongle Hao , Yue Zhang , Minghui Xu , Peizhuo Lv , Jiezhi Chen , Xiuzhen Cheng

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) standardizes tool use for LLM-based agents and enable third-party servers. This openness introduces a security misalignment: agents implicitly trust tools exposed by potentially untrusted MCP servers.…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-25 Zhenhong Zhou , Yuanhe Zhang , Hongwei Cai , Moayad Aloqaily , Ouns Bouachir , Linsey Pang , Prakhar Mehrotra , Kun Wang , Qingsong Wen

Large language model (LLM)-based AI agents extend LLM capabilities by enabling access to tools such as data sources, APIs, search engines, code sandboxes, and even other agents. While this empowers agents to perform complex tasks, LLMs may…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-01-14 Aarya Doshi , Yining Hong , Congying Xu , Eunsuk Kang , Alexandros Kapravelos , Christian Kästner

Multi-agent systems represent a significant advancement in artificial intelligence, enabling complex problem-solving through coordinated specialized agents. However, these systems face fundamental challenges in context management,…

多智能体系统 · 计算机科学 2025-05-01 Naveen Krishnan

Large language models (LLMs) are evolving into agentic systems that reason, plan, and operate external tools. The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is a key enabler of this transition, offering a standardized interface for connecting LLMs with…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-06 Xuanjun Zong , Zhiqi Shen , Lei Wang , Yunshi Lan , Chao Yang

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) has emerged as the de facto standard for connecting Large Language Models (LLMs) to external data and tools, effectively functioning as the "USB-C for Agentic AI." While this decoupling of context and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-12-16 Shiva Gaire , Srijan Gyawali , Saroj Mishra , Suman Niroula , Dilip Thakur , Umesh Yadav

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is a new and emerging technology that extends the functionality of large language models, improving workflows but also exposing users to a new attack surface. Several studies have highlighted related…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Tobias Mattsson , Samuel Nyberg , Anton Borg , Ricardo Britto

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) has recently emerged as a standardized interface for connecting language models with external tools and data. As the ecosystem rapidly expands, the lack of a structured, comprehensive view of existing MCP…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-07-01 Zhiwei Lin , Bonan Ruan , Jiahao Liu , Weibo Zhao

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) has emerged as a universal standard that enables AI agents to seamlessly connect with external tools, significantly enhancing their functionality. However, while MCP brings notable benefits, it also…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Yongjian Guo , Puzhuo Liu , Wanlun Ma , Zehang Deng , Xiaogang Zhu , Peng Di , Xi Xiao , Sheng Wen

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) has emerged as a widely adopted mechanism for connecting large language models to external tools and resources. While MCP promises seamless extensibility and rich integrations, it also introduces a…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-07-10 Zhihao Li , Kun Li , Boyang Ma , Minghui Xu , Yue Zhang , Xiuzhen Cheng