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Aligning large language models with human preferences is essential for improving interaction quality and safety by ensuring outputs better reflect human values. A promising strategy involves Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-12-17 Jiacong Zhou , Xianyun Wang , Min Zhang , Jun Yu

General-purpose Large Language Models (LLMs) are frequently fine-tuned through supervised fine-tuning (SFT) to enhance performance in specific domains. Better results can be achieved by distilling the chain-of-thought of a larger model at…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Andrey Goncharov , Daniil Vyazhev , Petr Sychev , Edvard Khalafyan , Alexey Zaytsev

The Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) plays a pivotal role in shaping the impact of large language models (LLMs), contributing significantly to controlling output toxicity and selecting output styles, particularly as LLMs…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-08-11 Miao Fan , Chen Hu , Shuchang Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) continue to struggle with mathematical reasoning, and common post-training pipelines often reduce each generated solution to a binary outcome: correct or incorrect. This perspective is limiting in practice, as…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-15 Haocheng Lu , Minjun Zhu , Henry Yu

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods enable efficient adaptation of Large Language Models (LLMs) to various downstream applications. However, the effectiveness of the PEFT diminishes notably when downstream tasks require accurate…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-29 Renzhi Wang , Piji Li

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) has emerged as a crucial method for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human-annotated demonstrations. However, SFT, being an off-policy approach similar to behavior cloning, often struggles with…

Improving and understanding the training dynamics and reasoning of Large Language Models (LLMs) has become essential for their deployment in AI-based security tools, such as software vulnerability detection. In this work, we present an…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-07-08 Marco Simoni , Aleksandar Fontana , Giulio Rossolini , Andrea Saracino

A single language model, even when aligned with labelers through reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), may not suit all human preferences. Recent approaches therefore prefer customization, gathering multi-dimensional feedback,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-08-20 Zhanhui Zhou , Jie Liu , Jing Shao , Xiangyu Yue , Chao Yang , Wanli Ouyang , Yu Qiao

Data augmentation is an essential technique in natural language processing (NLP) for enriching training datasets by generating diverse samples. This process is crucial for improving the robustness and generalization capabilities of NLP…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-16 Zaitian Wang , Jinghan Zhang , Xinhao Zhang , Kunpeng Liu , Pengfei Wang , Yuanchun Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) have formulated a blueprint for the advancement of artificial general intelligence. Its primary objective is to function as a human-centric (helpful, honest, and harmless) assistant. Alignment with humans…

Aligning language models to human expectations, e.g., being helpful and harmless, has become a pressing challenge for large language models. A typical alignment procedure consists of supervised fine-tuning and preference learning. Most…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-27 Tianchi Cai , Xierui Song , Jiyan Jiang , Fei Teng , Jinjie Gu , Guannan Zhang

In abstractive summarization, the challenge of producing concise and accurate summaries arises from the vast amount of information contained in the source document. Consequently, although Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate fluent…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-03 Jaepill Choi , Kyubyung Chae , Jiwoo Song , Yohan Jo , Taesup Kim

Large language models (LLMs) with enormous pre-training tokens and parameters emerge diverse abilities, including math reasoning, code generation, and instruction following. These abilities are further enhanced by supervised fine-tuning…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-10 Guanting Dong , Hongyi Yuan , Keming Lu , Chengpeng Li , Mingfeng Xue , Dayiheng Liu , Wei Wang , Zheng Yuan , Chang Zhou , Jingren Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly rely on Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) and Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) to align model responses with human preferences. While RLHF employs a reinforcement learning approach with…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2025-06-05 Alex Sotiropoulos , Sulyab Thottungal Valapu , Linus Lei , Jared Coleman , Bhaskar Krishnamachari

In many large language model (LLM) alignment applications, users expect not only high-quality outputs but also substantial diversity. However, existing methods often face a fundamental trade-off between these objectives: approaches that…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-28 Haihui Pan , Yuzhong Hong , Kaichen Zhang , Shaoke Lv , Junwei Bao , Hongfei Jiang , Yang Song

Large Language Models (LLMs) acquire extensive knowledge and remarkable abilities from extensive text corpora, making them powerful tools for various applications. To make LLMs more usable, aligning them with human preferences is essential.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-21 Mozhi Zhang , Pengyu Wang , Chenkun Tan , Mianqiu Huang , Dong Zhang , Yaqian Zhou , Xipeng Qiu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are gaining significant popularity in recent years for specialized tasks using prompts due to their low computational cost. Standard methods like prefix tuning utilize special, modifiable tokens that lack…

Aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences is crucial, but standard methods like Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) are often complex and unstable. In this work, we propose a new, simpler approach that…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Saeed Najafi , Alona Fyshe

Learning from human preferences is a cornerstone of aligning machine learning models with subjective human judgments. Yet, collecting such preference data is often costly and time-consuming, motivating the need for more efficient learning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-07 Matteo Cercola , Valeria Capretti , Simone Formentin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential as effective search relevance evaluators. However, there is a lack of comprehensive guidance on which models consistently perform optimally across various contexts or within specific…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-29 Silvia Terragni , Hoang Cuong , Joachim Daiber , Pallavi Gudipati , Pablo N. Mendes
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