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Large Language Models (LLMs), despite their remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks, necessitate substantial GPU memory and consume significant computational resources. Beyond the memory taken up by model weights, the memory…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-24 Jincheng Dai , Zhuowei Huang , Haiyun Jiang , Chen Chen , Deng Cai , Wei Bi , Shuming Shi

The rise of LLMs has driven demand for private serverless deployments, characterized by moderate-sized models and infrequent requests. While existing serverless solutions follow exclusive GPU allocation, we take a step back to explore…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-12-16 Chuhao Xu , Zijun Li , Quan Chen , Han Zhao , Xueyan Tang , Minyi Guo

Given the quadratic complexity of attention, KV cache eviction is vital to accelerate model inference. Current KV cache eviction methods typically rely on instantaneous heuristic metrics, implicitly assuming that score magnitudes are…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 Ziyao Tang , Pengkun Jiao , Xinhang Chen , Wei Liu , Shiyong Li , Jingjing Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are revolutionizing numerous industries, but their substantial computational demands create challenges for efficient deployment, particularly in cloud environments. Traditional approaches to inference serving…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-07-25 Minxian Xu , Junhan Liao , Jingfeng Wu , Yiyuan He , Kejiang Ye , Chengzhong Xu

We are witnessing an increasing trend towardsusing Machine Learning (ML) based prediction systems, span-ning across different application domains, including productrecommendation systems, personal assistant devices, facialrecognition, etc.…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2020-08-24 Jashwant Raj Gunasekaran , Prashanth Thinakaran , Cyan Subhra Mishra , Mahmut Taylan Kandemir , Chita R. Das

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in large-scale online services, enabling sophisticated applications. However, the computational overhead of generating key-value (KV) caches in the prefill stage presents a major…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-24 Shuowei Jin , Xueshen Liu , Qingzhao Zhang , Z. Morley Mao

The development of large language models (LLMs) has significantly expanded model sizes, resulting in substantial GPU memory requirements during inference. The key and value storage of the attention map in the KV (key-value) cache accounts…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-25 Yifei Yang , Zouying Cao , Qiguang Chen , Libo Qin , Dongjie Yang , Hai Zhao , Zhi Chen

In cloud machine learning (ML) inference systems, providing low latency to end-users is of utmost importance. However, maximizing server utilization and system throughput is also crucial for ML service providers as it helps lower the…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2022-03-01 Yunseong Kim , Yujeong Choi , Minsoo Rhu

LLMs are widely adopted in production, pushing inference systems to their limits. Disaggregated LLM serving (e.g., PD separation and KV state disaggregation) improves scalability and cost efficiency, but it also turns KV into an explicit…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-05-14 Zedong Liu , Xinyang Ma , Dejun Luo , Hairui Zhao , Bing Lu , Wenjing Huang , Yida Gu , Xingchen Liu , Zheng Wei , Jinyang Liu , Dingwen Tao , Guangming Tan

How to efficiently serve Large Language Models (LLMs) has become a pressing issue because of their huge computational cost in their autoregressive generation process. To mitigate computational costs, LLMs often employ the KV Cache technique…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-23 Zheng Wang , Boxiao Jin , Zhongzhi Yu , Minjia Zhang

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential across a wide range of practical applications. However, long-context inference remains a significant challenge due to the substantial memory requirements…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-01-09 Bo Jiang , Taolue Yang , Youyuan Liu , Xubin He , Sheng Di , Sian Jin

KV cache compression is critical for efficient long-context LLM inference. Approaches that reduce the per-pair footprint -- quantization and low-rank decomposition -- are orthogonal to those that reduce the sequence length of the cache.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-31 Bo Jiang , Sian Jin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results across various tasks, yet their high computational demands pose deployment challenges, especially on consumer-grade hardware. Mixture of Experts (MoE) models provide an efficient…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-12-19 En-Ming Huang , Li-Shang Lin , Chun-Yi Lee

The computational and memory demands of large language models for generative inference present significant challenges for practical deployment. One promising solution targeting offline inference is offloading-based batched inference, which…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-02-09 Hongsun Jang , Jaeyong Song , Changmin Shin , Si Ung Noh , Jaewon Jung , Jisung Park , Jinho Lee

Serving large language models (LLMs) for massive users is challenged by the significant memory footprint of the transient state, known as the key-value (KV) cache, which scales with sequence length and number of requests. Instead of renting…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-01-14 Liu Qianli , Hong Zicong , Chen Fahao , Li Peng , Guo Song

Global KV-cache sharing is an effective optimization for accelerating large language model (LLM) inference, yet it introduces an API-visible timing side channel that lets adversaries infer sensitive user inputs from shared entries, leading…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-11 Kexin Chu , Zecheng Lin , Dawei Xiang , Zixu Shen , Jianchang Su , Cheng Chu , Yiwei Yang , Wenhui Zhang , Wenfei Wu , Wei Zhang

The KV-Cache technique has become the standard for the inference of large language models (LLMs). Yet, it is widely criticized that KV-Cache can become a bottleneck of the LLM inference system. This paper enables a novel dynamic KV-Cache…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-18 Zihao Zeng , Bokai Lin , Tianqi Hou , Hao Zhang , Zhijie Deng

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used across various domains, processing millions of daily requests. This surge in demand poses significant challenges in optimizing throughput and latency while keeping costs manageable. The Key-Value…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2024-07-23 Jiale Xu , Rui Zhang , Cong Guo , Weiming Hu , Zihan Liu , Feiyang Wu , Yu Feng , Shixuan Sun , Changxu Shao , Yuhong Guo , Junping Zhao , Ke Zhang , Minyi Guo , Jingwen Leng

KV cache quantization can improve Large Language Models (LLMs) inference throughput and latency in long contexts and large batch-size scenarios while preserving LLMs effectiveness. However, current methods have three unsolved issues:…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-21 Xing Li , Zeyu Xing , Yiming Li , Linping Qu , Hui-Ling Zhen , Wulong Liu , Yiwu Yao , Sinno Jialin Pan , Mingxuan Yuan

Recent reasoning models such as OpenAI-o1 and DeepSeek-R1 have shown strong performance on complex tasks including mathematical reasoning and code generation. However, this performance gain comes with substantially longer output sequences,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Yi Su , Zhenxu Tian , Dan Qiao , Yuechi Zhou , Juntao Li , Min Zhang