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Currently, process reward models (PRMs) have exhibited remarkable potential for test-time scaling. Since large language models (LLMs) regularly generate flawed intermediate reasoning steps when tackling a broad spectrum of reasoning and…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-08 Zhouhao Sun , Xuan Zhang , Xiao Ding , Bibo Cai , Li Du , Kai Xiong , Xinran Dai , Fei Zhang , weidi tang , Zhiyuan Kan , Yang Zhao , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

The rapid advancement of Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) has demonstrated excellent abilities in various visual tasks. Building upon these developments, the thinking with images paradigm has emerged, enabling models to dynamically edit…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 Yujin Zhou , Pengcheng Wen , Jiale Chen , Boqin Yin , Han Zhu , Jiaming Ji , Juntao Dai , Chi-Min Chan , Sirui Han

Recent studies show that Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve strong reasoning capabilities through supervised fine-tuning or reinforcement learning. However, a key approach, the Process Reward Model (PRM), suffers from reward hacking,…

Current large-language models (LLMs) typically adopt a fixed reasoning strategy, either simple or complex, for all questions, regardless of their difficulty. This neglect of variation in task and reasoning process complexity leads to an…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Yi Wang , Junxiao Liu , Shimao Zhang , Jiajun Chen , Shujian Huang

We present Athena-PRM, a multimodal process reward model (PRM) designed to evaluate the reward score for each step in solving complex reasoning problems. Developing high-performance PRMs typically demands significant time and financial…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-27 Shuai Wang , Zhenhua Liu , Jiaheng Wei , Xuanwu Yin , Dong Li , Emad Barsoum

Test-time scaling (TTS) for large language models (LLMs) has thus far fallen into two largely separate paradigms: (1) reinforcement learning (RL) methods that optimize sparse outcome-based rewards, yet suffer from instability and low sample…

Process Reward Models (PRMs) supervise intermediate reasoning steps in large language models (LLMs), but existing PRMs are mainly trained on general-domain data and struggle with the structured, symbolic, and fact-sensitive nature of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-05 Jie Zhu , Yuanchen Zhou , Shuo Jiang , Junhui Li , Lifan Guo , Feng Chen , Chi Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are probabilistic in nature and perform more reliably when augmented with external information. As complex queries often require multi-step reasoning over the retrieved information, with no clear or…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-04-10 Roxana Petcu , Evangelos Kanoulas , Maarten de Rijke

Large Language Models have demonstrated outstanding performance across various downstream tasks and have been widely applied in multiple scenarios. Human-annotated preference data is used for training to further improve LLMs' performance,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-06 Shimao Zhang , Xiao Liu , Xin Zhang , Junxiao Liu , Zheheng Luo , Shujian Huang , Yeyun Gong

Process Reward Models (PRMs) are a powerful mechanism for steering large language model reasoning by providing fine-grained, step-level supervision. However, this effectiveness comes at a significant cost: PRMs require expert annotations…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Artyom Gadetsky , Maxim Kodryan , Siba Smarak Panigrahi , Hang Guo , Maria Brbic

Efficiently acquiring external knowledge and up-to-date information is essential for effective reasoning and text generation in large language models (LLMs). Prompting advanced LLMs with reasoning capabilities to use search engines during…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-07 Bowen Jin , Hansi Zeng , Zhenrui Yue , Jinsung Yoon , Sercan Arik , Dong Wang , Hamed Zamani , Jiawei Han

Current approaches for training Process Reward Models (PRMs) often involve breaking down responses into multiple reasoning steps using rule-based techniques, such as using predefined placeholder tokens or setting the reasoning step's length…

Breaking down a problem into intermediate steps has demonstrated impressive performance in Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning. However, the growth of the reasoning chain introduces uncertainty and error accumulation, making it challenging…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-27 Yuxi Xie , Kenji Kawaguchi , Yiran Zhao , Xu Zhao , Min-Yen Kan , Junxian He , Qizhe Xie

Process Reward Models (PRMs) have emerged as a promising approach to enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by guiding their step-by-step reasoning toward a final answer. However, existing PRMs either treat each…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-02 Zheng Zhang , Ziwei Shan , Kaitao Song , Yexin Li , Kan Ren

Reinforcement learning (RL) has proven highly effective in eliciting the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Inspired by this success, recent studies have explored applying similar techniques to vision-language models…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-10-20 Yan Chen , Long Li , Teng Xi , Long Zeng , Jingdong Wang

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) demonstrate significant cross-modal reasoning capabilities. However, financial applications face challenges due to the lack of high-quality multimodal reasoning datasets and the inefficiency of existing…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-17 Kai Lan , Jiayong Zhu , Jiangtong Li , Dawei Cheng , Guang Chen , Changjun Jiang

Mathematical reasoning in large language models has improved substantially with reinforcement learning using verifiable rewards, where final answers can be checked automatically and converted into reliable training signals. Most such…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-06 Mohammad Rezaei , Jens Lehmann , Sahar Vahdati

Recent works on large language models (LLMs) have successfully demonstrated the emergence of reasoning capabilities via reinforcement learning (RL). Although recent efforts leverage group relative policy optimization (GRPO) for MLLMs…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-18 Shilin Xu , Yanwei Li , Rui Yang , Tao Zhang , Yueyi Sun , Wei Chow , Linfeng Li , Hang Song , Qi Xu , Yunhai Tong , Xiangtai Li , Hao Fei

Process Reward Models (PRMs), which assign fine-grained scores to intermediate reasoning steps within a solution trajectory, have emerged as a promising approach to enhance the reasoning quality of Large Language Models (LLMs). However,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-07 Lingyin Zhang , Jun Gao , Xiaoxue Ren , Ziqiang Cao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in various natural language processing tasks but face challenges in mathematical reasoning, where complex problem-solving requires both linguistic understanding and mathematical…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-20 Shuguang Chen , Guang Lin