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Large language models (LLMs) face inherent performance bottlenecks under parameter constraints, particularly in processing critical tokens that demand complex reasoning. Empirical analysis reveals challenging tokens induce abrupt gradient…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-25 Yilong Chen , Junyuan Shang , Zhenyu Zhang , Yanxi Xie , Jiawei Sheng , Tingwen Liu , Shuohuan Wang , Yu Sun , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang

Many AI systems are organized around loops in which models reason, call tools, observe results, and continue until a task is complete. These systems often produce final artifacts such as memos, plans, recommendations, and analyses, while…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-13 Josh Rosen , Seth Rosen

Generating intermediate steps, or Chain of Thought (CoT), is an effective way to significantly improve language models' (LM) multi-step reasoning capability. However, the CoT lengths can grow rapidly with the problem complexity, easily…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-06-13 Soochan Lee , Gunhee Kim

We study Transformers on the task \emph{program trace generation} (PTG), where models produce step-by-step execution traces for synthetic programs. Unlike existing algorithmic problems, PTG externalizes reasoning through long traces where…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Simeng Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) leverage step-by-step reasoning to solve complex problems. Standard evaluation practice involves generating a complete reasoning trace and assessing the correctness of the final answer presented at its…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-30 Hasan Abed Al Kader Hammoud , Hani Itani , Bernard Ghanem

Anthropomorphizing conversational technology is a natural human tendency. Today, the anthropomorphic metaphor is overly reinforced across intelligent tools. Large Language Models (LLMs) are particularly anthropomorphized through interface…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2026-03-06 Jianna So , Connie Cheng , Sonia Krishna Murthy

Obtaining multiple meaningfully diverse, high quality samples from Large Language Models for a fixed prompt remains an open challenge. Current methods for increasing diversity often only operate at the token-level, paraphrasing the same…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-06-12 Eltayeb Ahmed , Uljad Berdica , Martha Elliott , Danijela Horak , Jakob N. Foerster

We explore how generating a chain of thought -- a series of intermediate reasoning steps -- significantly improves the ability of large language models to perform complex reasoning. In particular, we show how such reasoning abilities emerge…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-01-12 Jason Wei , Xuezhi Wang , Dale Schuurmans , Maarten Bosma , Brian Ichter , Fei Xia , Ed Chi , Quoc Le , Denny Zhou

Explicit Chain-of-Thought improves the reasoning performance of large language models but often incurs high inference cost due to verbose token-level traces. While recent approaches reduce this overhead via concise prompting or step…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-09 Yunlong Chu , Minglai Shao , Yuhang Liu , Bing Hao , Yumeng Lin , Jialu Wang , Ruijie Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at reasoning and planning when trained on chainof-thought (CoT) data, where the step-by-step thought process is explicitly outlined by text tokens. However, this results in lengthy inputs where many words…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-03 DiJia Su , Hanlin Zhu , Yingchen Xu , Jiantao Jiao , Yuandong Tian , Qinqing Zheng

Thanks to rapid progress in artificial intelligence, we have entered an era when technology and philosophy intersect in interesting ways. Sitting squarely at the centre of this intersection are large language models (LLMs). The more adept…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-02-17 Murray Shanahan

Developments in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI), and particularly large language models (LLMs), have created a 'perfect storm' for observing 'sparks' of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) that are spurious. Like simpler models,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-06-03 Patrick Altmeyer , Andrew M. Demetriou , Antony Bartlett , Cynthia C. S. Liem

Reasoning goes beyond language; the real world requires reasoning about space, time, affordances, and much more that words alone cannot convey. Existing multimodal models exploring the potential of reasoning with images are brittle and do…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-01 Arijit Ray , Ahmed Abdelkader , Chengzhi Mao , Bryan A. Plummer , Kate Saenko , Ranjay Krishna , Leonidas Guibas , Wen-Sheng Chu

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning is known to improve Large Language Models both empirically and in terms of theoretical approximation power. However, our understanding of the inner workings and conditions of apparition of CoT capabilities…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-29 Vivien Cabannes , Charles Arnal , Wassim Bouaziz , Alice Yang , Francois Charton , Julia Kempe

Intermediate step methodologies like chain of thoughts (COT) have demonstrated effectiveness in enhancing the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) on code generation. This study explores the utilization of intermediate languages,…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-07-09 Xun Deng , Sicheng Zhong , Honghua Dong , Jingyu Hu , Sidi Mohamed Beillahi , Xujie Si , Fan Long

While large-scale pretrained language models have significantly improved writing assistance functionalities such as autocomplete, more complex and controllable writing assistants have yet to be explored. We leverage advances in language…

Large Language Models often achieve strong performance by generating long intermediate chain-of-thought reasoning. However, it remains unclear when a model's final answer is actually determined during generation. If the answer is already…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-27 Ayan Datta , Zhixue Zhao , Bhuvanesh Verma , Radhika Mamidi , Mounika Marreddy , Alexander Mehler

Large language models can perform various reasoning tasks by using chain-of-thought prompting, which guides them to find answers through step-by-step demonstrations. However, the quality of the prompts depends on the demonstrations given to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-02-02 Zhihong Shao , Yeyun Gong , Yelong Shen , Minlie Huang , Nan Duan , Weizhu Chen

Automated theorem proving (ATP) has become an appealing domain for exploring the reasoning ability of the recent successful generative language models. However, current ATP benchmarks mainly focus on symbolic inference, but rarely involve…

Humans can approach complex visual problems by mentally simulating intermediate visual steps, rather than reasoning through language alone. Inspired by this, several works on Vision-Language Models have recently explored chain-of-thought…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-20 André G. Viveiros , Nuno Gonçalves , André F. T. Martins , Matthias Lindemann