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Despite the strong performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) on complex instruction-following tasks, precise control of output length remains a persistent challenge. Existing methods primarily attempt to enforce length constraints by…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-23 Wei Zhang , Lintong Du , Yuanhe Zhang , Zhenhong Zhou , Kun Wang , Li Sun , Sen Su

Image-based reinforcement learning (RL) faces significant challenges in generalization when the visual environment undergoes substantial changes between training and deployment. Under such circumstances, learned policies may not perform…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2024-07-25 Weiyao Wang , Xinyuan Fang , Gregory D. Hager

World model based reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising approach for autonomous driving, which learns a latent dynamics model and uses it to train a planning policy. To speed up the learning process, the pretrain-finetune…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2025-01-24 Hang Wang , Xin Ye , Feng Tao , Chenbin Pan , Abhirup Mallik , Burhaneddin Yaman , Liu Ren , Junshan Zhang

Pretrained on large-scale and diverse datasets, VLA models demonstrate strong generalization and adaptability as general-purpose robotic policies. However, Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT), which serves as the primary mechanism for adapting…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Yuan Liu , Haoran Li , Shuai Tian , Yuxing Qin , Yuhui Chen , Yupeng Zheng , Yongzhen Huang , Dongbin Zhao

The adaptation of large language models (LLMs) to specialized reasoning tasks is fundamentally constrained by computational resources. Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have emerged as a powerful solution, yet the landscape of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-15 Brennen Hill

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising strategy for finetuning small language models (SLMs) to solve targeted tasks such as math and coding. However, RL algorithms tend to be resource-intensive, taking a significant amount…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Lianghuan Huang , Sagnik Anupam , Insup Lee , Shuo Li , Osbert Bastani

Parameter-efficient finetuning (PEFT) methods seek to adapt large neural models via updates to a small number of weights. However, much prior interpretability work has shown that representations encode rich semantic information, suggesting…

Post-training has demonstrated its importance in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). The primary post-training methods can be categorized into supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement fine-tuning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-21 Mingyang Liu , Gabriele Farina , Asuman Ozdaglar

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge retrieved from a knowledge base. However, its effectiveness is fundamentally constrained by the reliability of both the retriever…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-31 Yiteng Tu , Weihang Su , Yujia Zhou , Yiqun Liu , Qingyao Ai

Large language models (LLMs) acquire extensive prior knowledge through large-scale pretraining and can be further enhanced via supervised fine-tuning (SFT) or reinforcement learning (RL)-based post-training. A growing body of evidence has…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-28 Honglin Zhang , Qianyue Hao , Fengli Xu , Yong Li

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in decision-making tasks, where not only accuracy but also reliable confidence estimates are essential. Well-calibrated confidence enables downstream systems to decide when to trust a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Duygu Nur Yaldiz , Evangelia Spiliopoulou , Zheng Qi , Siddharth Varia , Srikanth Doss , Nikolaos Pappas

Intelligent agents should have the ability to leverage knowledge from previously learned tasks in order to learn new ones quickly and efficiently. Meta-learning approaches have emerged as a popular solution to achieve this. However,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-02-17 Zhao Mandi , Pieter Abbeel , Stephen James

This study investigates the effectiveness of reinforcement learning (RL) fine-tuning techniques on a compact language model (Qwen2.5-0.5B Base) for two challenging tasks: instruction following and mathematical reasoning. We compare…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-29 Yifu Han , Geo Zhang

Chain-of-thought reasoning, where language models expend additional computation by producing thinking tokens prior to final responses, has driven significant advances in model capabilities. However, training these reasoning models is…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-20 Nived Rajaraman , Audrey Huang , Miro Dudik , Robert Schapire , Dylan J. Foster , Akshay Krishnamurthy

Large reasoning models (LRMs) are commonly trained with reinforcement learning (RL) to explore long chain-of-thought reasoning, achieving strong performance at high computational cost. Recent methods add multi-reward objectives to jointly…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-02-17 Anhao Zhao , Ziyang Chen , Junlong Tong , Yingqi Fan , Fanghua Ye , Shuhao Li , Yunpu Ma , Wenjie Li , Xiaoyu Shen

Reinforcement Learning (RL) benefits Large Language Models (LLMs) for complex reasoning. Inspired by this, we explore integrating spatio-temporal specific rewards into Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to address the unique…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-12 Xinhao Li , Ziang Yan , Desen Meng , Lu Dong , Xiangyu Zeng , Yinan He , Yali Wang , Yu Qiao , Yi Wang , Limin Wang

While fine-tuning is a de facto standard method for training deep neural networks, it still suffers from overfitting when using small target datasets. Previous methods improve fine-tuning performance by maintaining knowledge of the source…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-03-18 Shin'ya Yamaguchi , Sekitoshi Kanai , Kazuki Adachi , Daiki Chijiwa

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant success across various domains. However, their application in complex decision-making tasks frequently necessitates intricate prompt engineering or fine-tuning, leading to…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-05-06 Wanpeng Zhang , Zongqing Lu

Diffusion-based planners have emerged as a promising approach for human-like trajectory generation in autonomous driving. Recent works incorporate reinforcement fine-tuning to enhance the robustness of diffusion planners through…

Autonomous Driving Systems (ADSs) continue to face safety-critical risks due to the inherent limitations in their design and performance capabilities. Online repair plays a crucial role in mitigating such limitations, ensuring the runtime…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-01 Mingfei Cheng , Xiaofei Xie , Renzhi Wang , Yuan Zhou , Ming Hu