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Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) activates only a subset of experts during inference, allowing the model to maintain low inference FLOPs and latency even as the parameter count scales up. However, since MoE dynamically selects the experts, all the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Shibo Jie , Yehui Tang , Kai Han , Yitong Li , Duyu Tang , Zhi-Hong Deng , Yunhe Wang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has become the de facto architecture for hundred-billion-parameter language models, yet its advantages at sub-billion scales for on-device deployment remain largely unexplored. To close this gap, we present…

Scaling large language models (LLMs) significantly improves performance but comes with prohibitive computational costs. Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models offer an efficient alternative, increasing capacity without a proportional rise in…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-16 Aditya Vavre , Ethan He , Dennis Liu , Zijie Yan , June Yang , Nima Tajbakhsh , Ashwath Aithal

As the Mix-of-Experts (MoE) architecture increases the number of parameters in large models, there is an even greater need for model quantization. However, existing quantization methods overlook the expert dynamics of MoE across multiple…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-12 Zihao Zheng , Xiuping Cui , Size Zheng , Maoliang Li , Jiayu Chen , Yun Liang , Xiang Chen

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) is a widely known neural architecture where an ensemble of specialized sub-models optimizes overall performance with a constant computational cost. However, conventional MoEs pose challenges at scale due to the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-09-12 Ted Zadouri , Ahmet Üstün , Arash Ahmadian , Beyza Ermiş , Acyr Locatelli , Sara Hooker

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) Large Language Models (LLMs) suffer from severely sub-optimal expert pathways-our study reveals that naive expert selection learned from pretraining leaves a surprising 10-20% accuracy gap for improvement. Motivated…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-11 Zhongyang Li , Ziyue Li , Tianyi Zhou

The increasing demand for deploying large Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models in resource-constrained environments necessitates efficient approaches to address their high memory and computational requirements challenges. Moreover, given that…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2024-09-10 HamidReza Imani , Abdolah Amirany , Tarek El-Ghazawi

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models promise efficient scaling of large language models (LLMs) by activating only a small subset of experts per token, but their parallelized inference pipelines make elastic serving challenging. Existing…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-10-06 Gursimran Singh , Timothy Yu , Haley Li , Cheng Chen , Hanieh Sadri , Qintao Zhang , Yu Zhang , Ying Xiong , Yong Zhang , Zhenan Fan

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) model architectures can significantly reduce the number of activated parameters per token, enabling computationally efficient training and inference. However, their large overall parameter counts and model sizes…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-13 Arian Raje , Anupam Nayak , Gauri Joshi

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) paradigm provides a powerful way to decompose dense layers into smaller, modular computations often more amenable to human interpretation, debugging, and editability. However, a major challenge lies in the…

One of the primary challenges in optimizing large language models (LLMs) for long-context inference lies in the high memory consumption of the Key-Value (KV) cache. Existing approaches, such as quantization, have demonstrated promising…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-06-10 Wei Tao , Haocheng Lu , Xiaoyang Qu , Bin Zhang , Kai Lu , Jiguang Wan , Jianzong Wang

Mixture of Experts (MoE) LLMs have recently gained attention for their ability to enhance performance by selectively engaging specialized subnetworks or "experts" for each input. However, deploying MoEs on memory-constrained devices remains…

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models offer a powerful way to scale model size without increasing compute, as per-token FLOPs depend only on k active experts rather than the total pool of E experts. Yet, this asymmetry creates an MoE…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-15 Linghao Jin , Chufan Shi , Huijuan Wang , Nuan Wen , Zhengzhong Liu , Eric Xing , Xuezhe Ma

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) is a common practice to adapt pre-trained models for specific applications. While methods like LoRA have effectively addressed GPU memory constraints during fine-tuning, their performance often falls…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-23 Dengchun Li , Yingzi Ma , Naizheng Wang , Zhengmao Ye , Zhiyuan Cheng , Yinghao Tang , Yan Zhang , Lei Duan , Jie Zuo , Cal Yang , Mingjie Tang

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture has emerged as a promising approach to mitigate the rising computational costs of large language models (LLMs) by selectively activating parameters. However, its high memory requirements and…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Jehyeon Bang , Eunyeong Cho , Ranggi Hwang , Jinha Chung , Minsoo Rhu

The demonstrated success of sparsely-gated Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures, exemplified by models such as DeepSeek and Grok, has motivated researchers to investigate their adaptation to diverse domains. In real-world image…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-12-03 Xiao He , Zhijun Tu , Kun Cheng , Mingrui Zhu , Jie Hu , Nannan Wang , Xinbo Gao

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) drives research to align its performance with full fine-tuning. However, significant challenges remain: (1) Simply increasing the rank size of LoRA does not effectively capture high-rank information, which leads…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-21 Chuanyu Tang , Yilong Chen , Zhenyu Zhang , Junyuan Shang , Wenyuan Zhang , Yong Huang , Tingwen Liu

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have shown strong potential in scaling language models efficiently by activating only a small subset of experts per input. However, their widespread deployment remains limited due to the high memory overhead…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-10 Yushu Zhao , Zheng Wang , Minjia Zhang

While Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) scales model capacity without proportionally increasing computation, its massive total parameter footprint creates significant storage and memory-access bottlenecks, which hinder efficient end-side deployment…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-21 Chenyang Song , Weilin Zhao , Xu Han , Chaojun Xiao , Yingfa Chen , Zhiyuan Liu

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language models can reduce computational costs by 2-4$\times$ compared to dense models without sacrificing performance, making them more efficient in computation-bounded scenarios. However, MoE models generally…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-09 Bowen Pan , Yikang Shen , Haokun Liu , Mayank Mishra , Gaoyuan Zhang , Aude Oliva , Colin Raffel , Rameswar Panda