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Large language models (LLMs) represent words through contextual word embeddings encoding different language properties like semantics and syntax. Understanding these properties is crucial, especially for researchers investigating language…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-16 Rita Sevastjanova , Robin Gerling , Thilo Spinner , Mennatallah El-Assady

With the widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs), concerns about potential misuse have emerged. To this end, watermarking has been adapted to LLM, enabling a simple and effective way to detect and monitor generated text.…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-07-22 Duy C. Hoang , Hung T. Q. Le , Rui Chu , Ping Li , Weijie Zhao , Yingjie Lao , Khoa D. Doan

Text watermarking for large language models (LLMs) enables model owners to verify text origin and protect intellectual property. While watermarking methods for closed-source LLMs are relatively mature, extending them to open-source models…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-29 Jiaqi Xue , Yifei Zhao , Mansour Al Ghanim , Shangqian Gao , Ruimin Sun , Qian Lou , Mengxin Zheng

Deep neural networks have recently achieved significant progress. Sharing trained models of these deep neural networks is very important in the rapid progress of researching or developing deep neural network systems. At the same time, it is…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2018-02-07 Yusuke Uchida , Yuki Nagai , Shigeyuki Sakazawa , Shin'ichi Satoh

Being trained on large and vast datasets, visual foundation models (VFMs) can be fine-tuned for diverse downstream tasks, achieving remarkable performance and efficiency in various computer vision applications. The high computation cost of…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Anna Chistyakova , Mikhail Pautov

Watermarking has emerged as a pivotal solution for content traceability and intellectual property protection in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs). However, vision-agnostic watermarks introduce visually irrelevant tokens and disrupt…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-01-13 Qi Zheng , Shuliang Liu , Yu Huang , Sihang Jia , Jungang Li , Lyuhao Chen , Junhao Chen , Hanqian Li , Aiwei Liu , Yibo Yan , Xuming Hu

We present the first in depth study on the robustness of existing watermarking techniques applied to code generated by large language models (LLMs). As LLMs increasingly contribute to software development, watermarking has emerged as a…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-21 Tarun Suresh , Shubham Ugare , Gagandeep Singh , Sasa Misailovic

The widely adopted and powerful generative large language models (LLMs) have raised concerns about intellectual property rights violations and the spread of machine-generated misinformation. Watermarking serves as a promising approch to…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-28 Ruisi Zhang , Farinaz Koushanfar

Watermarking algorithms for Large Language Models (LLMs) effectively identify machine-generated content by embedding and detecting hidden statistical features in text. However, such embedding leads to a decline in text quality, especially…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-06 Yu Zhang , Shuliang Liu , Xu Yang , Xuming Hu

The rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has intensified concerns about content traceability and potential misuse. Existing watermarking schemes for sampled text often face trade-offs between maintaining text quality and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-17 Shizhan Cai , Liang Ding , Dacheng Tao

Large language models (LLMs) can be trained or fine-tuned on data obtained without the owner's consent. Verifying whether a specific LLM was trained on particular data instances or an entire dataset is extremely challenging. Dataset…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Eyal German , Sagiv Antebi , Edan Habler , Asaf Shabtai , Yuval Elovici

The recent explosion of high-quality language models has necessitated new methods for identifying AI-generated text. Watermarking is a leading solution and could prove to be an essential tool in the age of generative AI. Existing approaches…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-25 Miranda Christ , Sam Gunn , Tal Malkin , Mariana Raykova

Watermarking algorithms for large language models (LLMs) have attained high accuracy in detecting LLM-generated text. However, existing methods primarily focus on distinguishing fully watermarked text from non-watermarked text, overlooking…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-25 Leyi Pan , Aiwei Liu , Yijian Lu , Zitian Gao , Yichen Di , Shiyu Huang , Lijie Wen , Irwin King , Philip S. Yu

A new approach to linguistic watermarking of language models is presented in which information is imperceptibly inserted into the output text while preserving its readability and original meaning. A cross-attention mechanism is used to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-10 Folco Bertini Baldassini , Huy H. Nguyen , Ching-Chung Chang , Isao Echizen

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in various applications, including text generation and complex tasks. However, the misuse of LLMs raises concerns about the authenticity and ethical implications of the content they produce, such as…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-12-02 Zesen Liu , Tianshuo Cong , Xinlei He , Qi Li

Watermarking has emerged as a promising way to detect LLM-generated text, by augmenting LLM generations with later detectable signals. Recent work has proposed multiple families of watermarking schemes, several of which focus on preserving…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-02-25 Thibaud Gloaguen , Nikola Jovanović , Robin Staab , Martin Vechev

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly sophisticated, they raise significant security concerns, including the creation of fake news and academic misuse. Most detectors for identifying model-generated text are limited by their…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-10 Zhenyu Xu , Victor S. Sheng

The capabilities of large language models have grown significantly in recent years and so too have concerns about their misuse. It is important to be able to distinguish machine-generated text from human-authored content. Prior works have…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-15 Julien Piet , Chawin Sitawarin , Vivian Fang , Norman Mu , David Wagner

Text watermarking for Large Language Models (LLMs) has made significant progress in detecting LLM outputs and preventing misuse. Current watermarking techniques offer high detectability, minimal impact on text quality, and robustness to…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-01-29 Aiwei Liu , Sheng Guan , Yiming Liu , Leyi Pan , Yifei Zhang , Liancheng Fang , Lijie Wen , Philip S. Yu , Xuming Hu

Benchmark accuracy is often implicitly assumed to reflect grounded visual understanding in vision-language models (VLMs), yet it remains unclear to what extent such scores truly reflect reliance on visual evidence. Motivated by a surprising…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-25 Zixuan Lan , Luzhe Sun , Matthew R. Walter , Jiawei Zhou