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Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to identify test examples that do not belong to the training distribution and are thus unlikely to be predicted reliably. Despite a plethora of existing works, most of them focused only on the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-11-07 Reza Averly , Wei-Lun Chao

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for ensuring the reliability and safety of machine learning models in real-world applications. While zero-shot OOD detection, which requires no training on in-distribution (ID) data, has become…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-05-21 Yu Liu , Hao Tang , Haiqi Zhang , Jing Qin , Zechao Li

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) data is crucial in machine learning applications to mitigate the risk of model overconfidence, thereby enhancing the reliability and safety of deployed systems. The majority of existing OOD detection…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-08-22 Christos Constantinou , Georgios Ioannides , Aman Chadha , Aaron Elkins , Edwin Simpson

Vision-Language Models (VLMs), such as CLIP, have demonstrated remarkable zero-shot out-of-distribution (OOD) detection capabilities, vital for reliable AI systems. Despite this promising capability, a comprehensive understanding of (1) why…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-09-18 Yuxiao Lee , Xiaofeng Cao , Wei Ye , Jiangchao Yao , Jingkuan Song , Heng Tao Shen

Aiming at identifying unexpected inputs from unknown classes, out-of-distribution (OOD) detection has emerged as a pivotal approach to enhancing the reliability of machine learning models. This paper focuses on the burgeoning paradigm of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-25 Bo Peng , Jie Lu , Guangquan Zhang , Zhen Fang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) robustness is a critical challenge for modern machine learning systems, particularly as they increasingly operate in multimodal settings involving inputs like video, audio, and sensor data. Currently, many OOD…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-23 Yuehan Qin , Li Li , Defu Cao , Tiankai Yang , Jiate Li , Yue Zhao

Out-of-distribution (OoD) inputs pose a persistent challenge to deep learning models, often triggering overconfident predictions on non-target objects. While prior work has primarily focused on refining scoring functions and adjusting…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-01-05 Changshun Wu , Weicheng He , Chih-Hong Cheng , Xiaowei Huang , Saddek Bensalem

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs is a central challenge for safely deploying machine learning models in the real world. Existing solutions are mainly driven by small datasets, with low resolution and very few class labels (e.g.,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-05-06 Rui Huang , Yixuan Li

Recent advances in robust semi-supervised learning (SSL) typically filter out-of-distribution (OOD) information at the sample level. We argue that an overlooked problem of robust SSL is its corrupted information on semantic level,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-05-31 Yu Wang , Pengchong Qiao , Chang Liu , Guoli Song , Xiawu Zheng , Jie Chen

Near out-of-distribution detection (OODD) aims at discriminating semantically similar data points without the supervision required for classification. This paper puts forward an OODD use case for radar targets detection extensible to other…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2022-07-06 Martin Bauw , Santiago Velasco-Forero , Jesus Angulo , Claude Adnet , Olivier Airiau

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection plays a vital role in enhancing the reliability of machine learning (ML) models. The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has catalyzed a paradigm shift within the ML community, showcasing their…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-17 Bo Liu , Liming Zhan , Zexin Lu , Yujie Feng , Lei Xue , Xiao-Ming Wu

Out-of-distribution (OoD) detection is a natural downstream task for deep generative models, due to their ability to learn the input probability distribution. There are mainly two classes of approaches for OoD detection using deep…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-07-11 Yujia Huang , Sihui Dai , Tan Nguyen , Richard G. Baraniuk , Anima Anandkumar

The quality of self-supervised pre-trained embeddings on out-of-distribution (OOD) data is poor without fine-tuning. A straightforward and simple approach to improving the generalization of pre-trained representation to OOD data is the use…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-21 Shuman Peng , Arash Khoeini , Sharan Vaswani , Martin Ester

Recent research underscores the pivotal role of the Out-of-Distribution (OOD) feature representation field scale in determining the efficacy of models in OOD detection. Consequently, the adoption of model ensembles has emerged as a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-08-19 Chenhui Xu , Fuxun Yu , Zirui Xu , Nathan Inkawhich , Xiang Chen

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs is a principal task for ensuring the safety of deploying deep-neural-network classifiers in open-set scenarios. OOD samples can be drawn from arbitrary distributions and exhibit deviations from…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-09-11 Choubo Ding , Guansong Pang

Self-supervised representation learning has proved to be a valuable component for out-of-distribution (OoD) detection with only the texts of in-distribution (ID) examples. These approaches either train a language model from scratch or…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-06-05 Qianhui Wu , Huiqiang Jiang , Haonan Yin , Börje F. Karlsson , Chin-Yew Lin

Neural networks are known to produce over-confident predictions on input images, even when these images are out-of-distribution (OOD) samples. This limits the applications of neural network models in real-world scenarios, where OOD samples…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-07-19 Ke Fan , Yikai Wang , Qian Yu , Da Li , Yanwei Fu

We aim at finetuning a vision-language model without hurting its out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization. We address two types of OOD generalization, i.e., i) domain shift such as natural to sketch images, and ii) zero-shot capability to…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-04-10 Jinwei Han , Zhiwen Lin , Zhongyisun Sun , Yingguo Gao , Ke Yan , Shouhong Ding , Yuan Gao , Gui-Song Xia

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for model reliability, as it identifies samples from unknown classes and reduces errors due to unexpected inputs. Vision-Language Models (VLMs) such as CLIP are emerging as powerful tools for…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-07-15 Yabin Zhang , Wenjie Zhu , Chenhang He , Lei Zhang

Deep neural networks are increasingly used in a wide range of technologies and services, but remain highly susceptible to out-of-distribution (OOD) samples, that is, drawn from a different distribution than the original training set. A…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-17 Pietro Recalcati , Fabio Garcea , Luca Piano , Fabrizio Lamberti , Lia Morra