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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to cybersecurity question answering (QA) for critical tasks such as incident response and vulnerability analysis. However, real-world operational contexts, including system logs and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Matilda Gaddi , Jin Noh , Onat Gungor , Tajana Rosing

Large language models (LLMs) are shown to be vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks where adversarial prompts are designed to elicit harmful responses. While existing defenses effectively mitigate single-turn attacks by detecting and filtering…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-17 Hanjiang Hu , Alexander Robey , Changliu Liu

Backdoor attacks pose a serious security threat to large language models (LLMs), which are increasingly deployed as general-purpose assistants in safety- and privacy-critical applications. Existing LLM backdoors rely primarily on…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-15 Rui Wen , Mark Russinovich , Andrew Paverd , Jun Sakuma , Ahmed Salem

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are deployed and integrated into thousands of applications, the need for scalable evaluation of how models respond to adversarial attacks grows rapidly. However, LLM security is a moving target: models…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-18 Leon Derczynski , Erick Galinkin , Jeffrey Martin , Subho Majumdar , Nanna Inie

The proliferation of jailbreak attacks against large language models (LLMs) highlights the need for robust security measures. However, in multi-round dialogues, malicious intentions may be hidden in interactions, leading LLMs to be more…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-26 Weiyang Guo , Jing Li , Wenya Wang , YU LI , Daojing He , Jun Yu , Min Zhang

While Large Language Model (LLM) capabilities have scaled, safety guardrails remain largely stateless, treating multi-turn dialogues as a series of disconnected events. This lack of temporal awareness facilitates a "Safety Gap" where…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-02-20 Justin Albrethsen , Yash Datta , Kunal Kumar , Sharath Rajasekar

Large Language Models (LLMs) remain susceptible to jailbreak exploits that bypass safety filters and induce harmful or unethical behavior. This work presents a systematic taxonomy of existing jailbreak defenses across prompt-level,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-25 Ryan Wong , Hosea David Yu Fei Ng , Dhananjai Sharma , Glenn Jun Jie Ng , Kavishvaran Srinivasan

Large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to multi-turn jailbreaking attacks that exploit conversational context to bypass safety constraints gradually. These attacks target different harm categories through distinct conversational…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-06 Ragib Amin Nihal , Rui Wen , Kazuhiro Nakadai , Jun Sakuma

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in performing tasks across various domains without needing explicit retraining. This capability, known as In-Context Learning (ICL), while impressive, exposes LLMs to a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-16 Bibek Upadhayay , Vahid Behzadan , Amin Karbasi

Temporal expression (TE) normalization is a well-studied problem. However, the predominately used rule-based systems are highly restricted to specific settings, and upcoming machine learning approaches suffer from a lack of labeled data. In…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-12 Akash Kumar Gautam , Lukas Lange , Jannik Strötgen

Computer agents powered by vision-language models (VLMs) have significantly advanced human-computer interaction, enabling users to perform complex tasks through natural language instructions. However, these agents are vulnerable to context…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-03-13 Pei Yang , Hai Ci , Mike Zheng Shou

Multi-turn interaction in the dialogue system research refers to a system's ability to maintain context across multiple dialogue turns, enabling it to generate coherent and contextually relevant responses. Recent advancements in large…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-20 Chen Zhang , Xinyi Dai , Yaxiong Wu , Qu Yang , Yasheng Wang , Ruiming Tang , Yong Liu

A core challenge in the development of increasingly capable AI systems is to make them safe and reliable by ensuring their behaviour is consistent with human values. This challenge, known as the alignment problem, does not merely apply to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-11-07 Raphaël Millière

Large Language Models (LLMs) generate text token-by-token in discrete time, yet real-world communication, from therapy sessions to business negotiations, critically depends on continuous time constraints. Current LLM architectures and…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Neil K. R. Sehgal , Sharath Chandra Guntuku , Lyle Ungar

Accurate multi-turn intent classification is essential for advancing conversational AI systems. However, challenges such as the scarcity of comprehensive datasets and the complexity of contextual dependencies across dialogue turns hinder…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-20 Junhua Liu , Yong Keat Tan , Bin Fu , Kwan Hui Lim

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications, yet their ability to make context-aware safety decisions remains limited. Existing methods often fail to balance oversensitivity (unjustified…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-24 Zheyuan Liu , Zhangchen Xu , Guangyao Dou , Xiangchi Yuan , Zhaoxuan Tan , Radha Poovendran , Meng Jiang

We introduce a novel framework for learning context-aware runtime monitors for AI-based control ensembles. Machine-learning (ML) controllers are increasingly deployed in (autonomous) cyber-physical systems because of their ability to solve…

As the deployment of NLP systems in critical applications grows, ensuring the robustness of large language models (LLMs) against adversarial attacks becomes increasingly important. Large language models excel in various NLP tasks but remain…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-03 Zhenning Yang , Ryan Krawec , Liang-Yuan Wu

In the field of Artificial Intelligence for Information Technology Operations, causal discovery is pivotal for operation and maintenance of graph construction, facilitating downstream industrial tasks such as root cause analysis. Temporal…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-05-28 Peiwen Li , Xin Wang , Zeyang Zhang , Yuan Meng , Fang Shen , Yue Li , Jialong Wang , Yang Li , Wenweu Zhu

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled them to overcome their context window limitations, and demonstrate exceptional retrieval and reasoning capacities on longer context. Quesion-answering systems augmented with…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-19 Zixiong Wang , Gaoyang Liu , Yang Yang , Chen Wang