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Reinforcement learning algorithms typically necessitate extensive exploration of the state space to find optimal policies. However, in safety-critical applications, the risks associated with such exploration can lead to catastrophic…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-28 Kaustubh Mani , Vincent Mai , Charlie Gauthier , Annie Chen , Samer Nashed , Liam Paull

Counterfactual explanations (CE) explain model decisions by identifying input modifications that lead to different predictions. Most existing methods operate at the instance level. Distributional Counterfactual Explanations (DCE) extend…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-18 Yikai Gu , Lele Cao , Bo Zhao , Lei Lei , Lei You

In this paper, we investigate offline reinforcement learning (RL) with the goal of training a single robust policy that generalizes effectively across environments with unseen dynamics. We propose a novel approach, Trajectory Encoding…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-28 Batıkan Bora Ormancı , Phillip Swazinna , Steffen Udluft , Thomas A. Runkler

Reinforcement learning solely from an agent's self-generated data is often believed to be infeasible for learning on real robots, due to the amount of data needed. However, if done right, agents learning from real data can be surprisingly…

The capability of continuously learning new skills via a sequence of pre-collected offline datasets is desired for an agent. However, consecutively learning a sequence of offline tasks likely leads to the catastrophic forgetting issue under…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-23 Sibo Gai , Donglin Wang , Li He

Reinforcement learning suffers from limitations in real practices primarily due to the number of required interactions with virtual environments. It results in a challenging problem because we are implausible to obtain a local optimal…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-28 Qizhen Wu , Kexin Liu , Lei Chen

In this paper, we study a transfer reinforcement learning problem where the state transitions and rewards are affected by the environmental context. Specifically, we consider a demonstrator agent that has access to a context-aware policy…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-03-11 Yan Zhang , Michael M. Zavlanos

Post-hoc explanation methods for machine learning models have been widely used to support decision-making. One of the popular methods is Counterfactual Explanation (CE), also known as Actionable Recourse, which provides a user with a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-11-10 Kentaro Kanamori , Takuya Takagi , Ken Kobayashi , Yuichi Ike , Kento Uemura , Hiroki Arimura

Counterfactual explanations (CFEs) are a popular approach in explainable artificial intelligence (xAI), highlighting changes to input data necessary for altering a model's output. A CFE can either describe a scenario that is better than the…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-10-26 Ulrike Kuhl , André Artelt , Barbara Hammer

Learning from class imbalanced datasets poses challenges for many machine learning algorithms. Many real-world domains are, by definition, class imbalanced by virtue of having a majority class that naturally has many more instances than its…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-11-08 Mohammed Temraz , Mark T. Keane

Counterfactual explanation is a form of interpretable machine learning that generates perturbations on a sample to achieve the desired outcome. The generated samples can act as instructions to guide end users on how to observe the desired…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-03-28 Tri Dung Duong , Qian Li , Guandong Xu

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has become increasingly important in decision-critical domains such as healthcare, finance, and law. Counterfactual (CF) explanations, a key approach in XAI, provide users with actionable insights…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-07-22 Volkan Bakir , Polat Goktas , Sureyya Akyuz

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) is challenged by the distributional shift between learning policies and datasets. To address this problem, existing works mainly focus on designing sophisticated algorithms to explicitly or implicitly…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-10-18 Yang Yue , Bingyi Kang , Xiao Ma , Zhongwen Xu , Gao Huang , Shuicheng Yan

This paper addresses the challenge of generating Counterfactual Explanations (CEs), involving the identification and modification of the fewest necessary features to alter a classifier's prediction for a given image. Our proposed method,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-11-16 Guillaume Jeanneret , Loïc Simon , Frédéric Jurie

There are now many explainable AI methods for understanding the decisions of a machine learning model. Among these are those based on counterfactual reasoning, which involve simulating features changes and observing the impact on the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-15 Vincent Lemaire , Nathan Le Boudec , Victor Guyomard , Françoise Fessant

Counterfactual explanations (CFEs) guide users on how to adjust inputs to machine learning models to achieve desired outputs. While existing research primarily addresses static scenarios, real-world applications often involve data or model…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-11 Ignacy Stępka , Mateusz Lango , Jerzy Stefanowski

As humans, our goals and our environment are persistently changing throughout our lifetime based on our experiences, actions, and internal and external drives. In contrast, typical reinforcement learning problem set-ups consider decision…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-06-19 Annie Xie , James Harrison , Chelsea Finn

Counterfactual Data Augmentation (CDA) is a commonly used technique for improving robustness in natural language classifiers. However, one fundamental challenge is how to discover meaningful counterfactuals and efficiently label them, with…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-05-24 Ananth Balashankar , Xuezhi Wang , Yao Qin , Ben Packer , Nithum Thain , Jilin Chen , Ed H. Chi , Alex Beutel

While reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have been successfully applied to numerous tasks, their reliance on neural networks makes their behavior difficult to understand and trust. Counterfactual explanations are human-friendly…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-10-11 Jasmina Gajcin , Ivana Dusparic

Counterfactual explanations (CEs) are methods for generating an alternative scenario that produces a different desirable outcome. For example, if a student is predicted to fail a course, then counterfactual explanations can provide the…

机器学习 · 统计学 2023-01-09 Bevan I. Smith