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A recent breakthrough in deep learning theory shows that the training of over-parameterized deep neural networks can be characterized by a kernel function called \textit{neural tangent kernel} (NTK). However, it is known that this type of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-10-07 Zixiang Chen , Yuan Cao , Quanquan Gu , Tong Zhang

An intriguing phenomenon observed during training neural networks is the spectral bias, which states that neural networks are biased towards learning less complex functions. The priority of learning functions with low complexity might be at…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-10-06 Yuan Cao , Zhiying Fang , Yue Wu , Ding-Xuan Zhou , Quanquan Gu

Small generalization errors of over-parameterized neural networks (NNs) can be partially explained by the frequency biasing phenomenon, where gradient-based algorithms minimize the low-frequency misfit before reducing the high-frequency…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-09-27 Annan Yu , Yunan Yang , Alex Townsend

In wide neural networks, the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) remains approximately constant during training, providing a powerful theoretical tool for studying training dynamics, generalization, and connections to kernel methods. However, this…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Jonathan Plenk , Sergio Calvo-Ordonez , Alvaro Cartea , Yarin Gal , Mark van der Wilk , Kamil Ciosek

Expressiveness and generalization of deep models was recently addressed via the connection between neural networks (NNs) and kernel learning, where first-order dynamics of NN during a gradient-descent (GD) optimization were related to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-04-21 Dmitry Kopitkov , Vadim Indelman

Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) theory is widely used to study the dynamics of infinitely-wide deep neural networks (DNNs) under gradient descent. But do the results for infinitely-wide networks give us hints about the behavior of real…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-02-02 Mariia Seleznova , Gitta Kutyniok

The training dynamics and generalization properties of neural networks (NN) can be precisely characterized in function space via the neural tangent kernel (NTK). Structural changes to the NTK during training reflect feature learning and…

机器学习 · 统计学 2022-02-11 Haozhe Shan , Blake Bordelon

Recent works have partly attributed the generalization ability of over-parameterized neural networks to frequency bias -- networks trained with gradient descent on data drawn from a uniform distribution find a low frequency fit before high…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-03-11 Ronen Basri , Meirav Galun , Amnon Geifman , David Jacobs , Yoni Kasten , Shira Kritchman

The evolution of a deep neural network trained by the gradient descent can be described by its neural tangent kernel (NTK) as introduced in [20], where it was proven that in the infinite width limit the NTK converges to an explicit limiting…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-09-19 Jiaoyang Huang , Horng-Tzer Yau

Neural tangent kernels (NTKs) provide a theoretical regime to analyze the learning and generalization behavior of over-parametrized neural networks. For a supervised learning task, the association between the eigenvectors of the NTK kernel…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-18 Shervin Khalafi , Saurabh Sihag , Alejandro Ribeiro

Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) is widely used to analyze overparametrized neural networks due to the famous result by Jacot et al. (2018): in the infinite-width limit, the NTK is deterministic and constant during training. However, this result…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-07-22 Mariia Seleznova , Gitta Kutyniok

Neural tangent kernels (NTKs) have been proposed to study the behavior of trained neural networks from the perspective of Gaussian processes. An important result in this body of work is the theorem of equivalence between a trained neural…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-01-22 Haoran Liu , Anthony Tai , David J. Crandall , Chunfeng Huang

The Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) offers a powerful tool to study the functional dynamics of neural networks. In the so-called lazy, or kernel regime, the NTK remains static during training and the network function is linear in the static…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-28 Yuzhi Liu , Zixuan Chen , Zirui Zhang , Yufei Liu , Giulia Lanzillotta

In suitably initialized wide networks, small learning rates transform deep neural networks (DNNs) into neural tangent kernel (NTK) machines, whose training dynamics is well-approximated by a linear weight expansion of the network at…

A rising trend in theoretical deep learning is to understand why deep learning works through Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) [jgh18], a kernel method that is equivalent to using gradient descent to train a multi-layer infinitely-wide neural…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-09-15 Lianke Qin , Zhao Song , Baocheng Sun

The neural tangent kernel (NTK) has garnered significant attention as a theoretical framework for describing the behavior of large-scale neural networks. Kernel methods are theoretically well-understood and as a result enjoy algorithmic…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-30 Jonathan Wenger , Felix Dangel , Agustinus Kristiadi

The Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) is an important milestone in the ongoing effort to build a theory for deep learning. Its prediction that sufficiently wide neural networks behave as kernel methods, or equivalently as random feature models,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-06-25 Maxim Samarin , Volker Roth , David Belius

The ``Neural Tangent Kernel'' (NTK) (Jacot et al 2018), and its empirical variants have been proposed as a proxy to capture certain behaviors of real neural networks. In this work, we study NTKs through the lens of scaling laws, and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-06-22 Nikhil Vyas , Yamini Bansal , Preetum Nakkiran

Artificial neural networks have revolutionized machine learning in recent years, but a complete theoretical framework for their learning process is still lacking. Substantial advances were achieved for wide networks, within two disparate…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-09 Yehonatan Avidan , Qianyi Li , Haim Sompolinsky

Recent work by Jacot et al. (2018) has shown that training a neural network using gradient descent in parameter space is related to kernel gradient descent in function space with respect to the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK). Lee et al. (2019)…

机器学习 · 统计学 2022-05-26 Soufiane Hayou , Arnaud Doucet , Judith Rousseau
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