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Merging parameter-efficient task experts has recently gained growing attention as a way to build modular architectures that can be rapidly adapted on the fly for specific downstream tasks, without requiring additional fine-tuning.…

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has emerged as a favorable architecture in the era of large models due to its inherent advantage, i.e., enlarging model capacity without incurring notable computational overhead. Yet, the realization of such…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-21 Zhixu Du , Shiyu Li , Yuhao Wu , Xiangyu Jiang , Jingwei Sun , Qilin Zheng , Yongkai Wu , Ang Li , Hai "Helen" Li , Yiran Chen

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) enable powerful cross-modal reasoning capabilities but impose substantial computational and latency burdens, posing critical challenges for deployment on resource-constrained edge devices. In this…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-04-06 Zheming Yang , Qi Guo , Jun Wan , Jiarui Ruan , Yunqing Hu , Chang Zhao , Xiangyang Li

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) is a neural architecture design that can be utilized to add learnable parameters to Large Language Models (LLMs) without increasing inference cost. Instruction tuning is a technique for training LLMs to…

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly reduced inference costs through sparse activation. However, this sparse activation paradigm also introduces new safety challenges. Since only a subset…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-01 Jona te Lintelo , Lichao Wu , Marina Krček , Sengim Karayalçin , Stjepan Picek

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) provide an energy-efficient solution by utilizing the spike-based and sparse nature of biological systems. Since the advent of Transformers, SNNs have struggled to compete with artificial networks on long…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2024-10-24 Yan Zhong , Ruoyu Zhao , Chao Wang , Qinghai Guo , Jianguo Zhang , Zhichao Lu , Luziwei Leng

Sparsely-activated Mixture-of-Expert (MoE) layers have found practical applications in enlarging the model size of large-scale foundation models, with only a sub-linear increase in computation demands. Despite the wide adoption of hybrid…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2024-07-04 Xinglin Pan , Wenxiang Lin , Shaohuai Shi , Xiaowen Chu , Weinong Sun , Bo Li

Sparse Mixture of Experts (MoE) models offer a scalable and efficient architecture for training large neural networks by activating only a subset of parameters ("experts") for each input. A learned router computes a distribution over these…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-14 Nabil Omi , Siddhartha Sen , Ali Farhadi

With the rapid growth in the scale of pre-trained foundation models, parameter-efficient fine-tuning techniques have gained significant attention, among which Adapter Tuning is the most widely used. Despite achieving efficiency, it still…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-03-26 Qizhe Zhang , Bocheng Zou , Ruichuan An , Jiaming Liu , Shanghang Zhang

A pivotal advancement in the progress of large language models (LLMs) is the emergence of the Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) LLMs. Compared to traditional LLMs, MoE LLMs can achieve higher performance with fewer parameters, but it is still hard…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-31 Xudong Lu , Qi Liu , Yuhui Xu , Aojun Zhou , Siyuan Huang , Bo Zhang , Junchi Yan , Hongsheng Li

Recently, LoRA has emerged as a crucial technique for fine-tuning large pre-trained models, yet its performance in multi-task learning scenarios often falls short. In contrast, the MoE architecture presents a natural solution to this issue.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-13 Lulu Zhao , Weihao Zeng , Xiaofeng Shi , Hua Zhou

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) have become an important tool for analyzing and interpreting the activation space of transformer-based language models (LMs). However, SAEs suffer several shortcomings that diminish their utility and internal…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-27 Ryosuke Takahashi , Tatsuro Inaba , Kentaro Inui , Benjamin Heinzerling

Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) can extract interpretable features from large language models (LLMs) without supervision. However, their effectiveness in downstream steering tasks is limited by the requirement for contrastive datasets or large…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-05 Seonglae Cho , Zekun Wu , Adriano Koshiyama

The field of simulation optimization (SO) encompasses various methods developed to optimize complex, expensive-to-sample stochastic systems. Established methods include, but are not limited to, ranking-and-selection for finite alternatives…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-11-04 Haoting Zhang , Haoxian Chen , Donglin Zhan , Hanyang Zhao , Henry Lam , Wenpin Tang , David Yao , Zeyu Zheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to optimization-based jailbreak attacks that exploit internal gradient structure. While Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) are widely used for interpretability, their robustness implications remain…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-22 Ahson Saiyed , Sabrina Sadiekh , Chirag Agarwal

High inter-class similarity, extreme scale variation, and limited computational budgets hinder reliable visual recognition across diverse real-world data. Existing vision-centric and cross-modal approaches often rely on rigid fusion…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-31 Qinghui Chen , Zekai Zhang , Zaigui Zhang , Kai Zhang , Dagang Li , Wenmin Wang , Jinglin Zhang , Cong Liu

While Mixture of Experts (MoE) models achieve remarkable efficiency by activating only subsets of parameters, they suffer from high memory access costs during inference. Memory-layer architectures offer an appealing alternative with very…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-27 Zihao Huang , Yu Bao , Qiyang Min , Siyan Chen , Ran Guo , Hongzhi Huang , Defa Zhu , Yutao Zeng , Banggu Wu , Xun Zhou , Siyuan Qiao

With the remarkable success of large language models (LLMs) in natural language understanding and generation, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have rapidly advanced in their ability to process data across multiple modalities. While…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Jingrui Zhang , Feng Liang , Yong Zhang , Wei Wang , Runhao Zeng , Xiping Hu

Sparse matrix-dense matrix multiplication (SpMM) is a critical kernel in both scientific computing and emerging graph learning workloads. The recent Armv9 architecture introduces Scalable Matrix Extension (SME), enabling tile-based matrix…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-11-14 Kelun Lei , Hailong Yang , Kaige Zhang , Kejie Ma , Yiqing Wang , Xin You , Yufan Xu , Enrique S. Quintana-Orti , Zhongzhi Luan , Yi Liu , Depei Qian

Improving Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) requires benchmarks that can precisely validate architectural innovations. However, current SAE benchmarks on LLMs are often too noisy to differentiate architectural improvements, and current synthetic…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-17 David Chanin , Adrià Garriga-Alonso