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Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities but are susceptible to adversarial prompts that exploit vulnerabilities to produce unsafe or biased outputs. Existing red-teaming methods often face scalability challenges,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Quy-Anh Dang , Chris Ngo , Truong-Son Hy

With the significant advancement of Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs), concerns about their potential misuse and abuse have grown rapidly. Previous studies have highlighted VLMs' vulnerability to jailbreak attacks, where carefully crafted…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-06-19 Yu Wang , Xiaofei Zhou , Yichen Wang , Geyuan Zhang , Tianxing He

We introduce a red-teaming methodology that exposes harder-to-catch attacks for coding-agent monitors, suggesting that current practices may under-elicit attacks and overstate monitor performance. We identify three challenges with current…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Monika Jotautaitė , Maria Angelica Martinez , Ollie Matthews , Tyler Tracy

Jailbreak attacks are crucial for identifying and mitigating the security vulnerabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). They are designed to bypass safeguards and elicit prohibited outputs. However, due to significant differences among…

As large language models(LLMs) become commonplace in practical applications, the security issues of LLMs have attracted societal concerns. Although extensive efforts have been made to safety alignment, LLMs remain vulnerable to jailbreak…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-09-20 Xu Zhang , Dinghao Jing , Xiaojun Wan

Autonomous web agents such as \textbf{OpenClaw} are rapidly moving into high-impact real-world workflows, but their security robustness under live network threats remains insufficiently evaluated. Existing benchmarks mainly focus on static…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-20 Haochen Zhao , Shaoyang Cui

The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) has raised concerns about their safety and reliability, particularly regarding their vulnerability to adversarial attacks. In this paper, we propose a novel perspective that attributes…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-22 Zhihui Xie , Jiahui Gao , Lei Li , Zhenguo Li , Qi Liu , Lingpeng Kong

Existing efforts in safeguarding LLMs are limited in actively exposing the vulnerabilities of the target LLM and readily adapting to newly emerging safety risks. To address this, we present Purple-teaming LLMs with Adversarial Defender…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-03 Jingyan Zhou , Kun Li , Junan Li , Jiawen Kang , Minda Hu , Xixin Wu , Helen Meng

Large Language Models have shown impressive generative capabilities across diverse tasks, but their safety remains a critical concern. Existing post-training alignment methods, such as SFT and RLHF, reduce harmful outputs yet leave LLMs…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-21 Zhengyue Zhao , Yingzi Ma , Somesh Jha , Marco Pavone , Patrick McDaniel , Chaowei Xiao

Jailbreaking techniques pose a significant threat to the safety of Large Language Models (LLMs). Existing defenses typically focus on single-turn attacks, lack coverage across languages, and rely on limited taxonomies that either fail to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-05 Francesco Giarrusso , Olga E. Sorokoletova , Vincenzo Suriani , Daniele Nardi

The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) in financial services introduces new operational, regulatory, and security risks. Yet most red-teaming benchmarks remain domain-agnostic and fail to capture failure modes specific to…

计算金融 · 定量金融 2026-03-12 Fabrizio Dimino , Bhaskarjit Sarmah , Stefano Pasquali

Existing gradient-based jailbreak attacks typically optimize an adversarial suffix to induce a fixed affirmative response, e.g., ``Sure, here is...''. However, this fixed target usually resides in an extremely low-density region of a…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-30 Kedong Xiu , Churui Zeng , Tianhang Zheng , Xinzhe Huang , Xiaojun Jia , Di Wang , Puning Zhao , Zhan Qin , Kui Ren

Despite the advancements in training Large Language Models (LLMs) with alignment techniques to enhance the safety of generated content, these models remain susceptible to jailbreak, an adversarial attack method that exposes security…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-17 Jiahui Li , Yongchang Hao , Haoyu Xu , Xing Wang , Yu Hong

Efficient red-teaming method to uncover vulnerabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial. While recent attacks often use LLMs as optimizers, the discrete language space make gradient-based methods struggle. We introduce LARGO…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-19 Ran Li , Hao Wang , Chengzhi Mao

While Large Language Models (LLMs) display versatile functionality, they continue to generate harmful, biased, and toxic content, as demonstrated by the prevalence of human-designed jailbreaks. In this work, we present Tree of Attacks with…

This paper is concerned with the defense of deep models against adversarial attacks. Inspired by the certificate defense approach, we propose a maximal adversarial distortion (MAD) optimization method for robustifying deep networks. MAD…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-06-16 Shai Rozenberg , Gal Elidan , Ran El-Yaniv

Recent research indicates that large language models (LLMs) are susceptible to jailbreaking attacks that can generate harmful content. This paper introduces a novel token-level attack method, Adaptive Dense-to-Sparse Constrained…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-13 Kai Hu , Weichen Yu , Yining Li , Kai Chen , Tianjun Yao , Xiang Li , Wenhe Liu , Lijun Yu , Zhiqiang Shen , Matt Fredrikson

Many-shot jailbreaking circumvents the safety alignment of LLMs by exploiting their ability to process long input sequences. To achieve this, the malicious target prompt is prefixed with hundreds of fabricated conversational exchanges…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-16 Avery Ma , Yangchen Pan , Amir-massoud Farahmand

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly prevalent, ensuring their robustness against adversarial misuse is crucial. This paper introduces the GAP (Graph of Attacks with Pruning) framework, an advanced approach for generating…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-14 Daniel Schwartz , Dmitriy Bespalov , Zhe Wang , Ninad Kulkarni , Yanjun Qi

Creating secure and resilient applications with large language models (LLM) requires anticipating, adjusting to, and countering unforeseen threats. Red-teaming has emerged as a critical technique for identifying vulnerabilities in…