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Validating evaluation metrics for NLG typically relies on expensive and time-consuming human annotations, which predominantly exist only for English datasets. We propose \textit{LLM as a Meta-Judge}, a scalable framework that utilizes LLMs…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-11 Lukáš Eigler , Jindřich Libovický , David Hurych

Human relevance assessment is time-consuming and cognitively intensive, limiting the scalability of Information Retrieval evaluation. This has led to growing interest in using large language models (LLMs) as proxies for human judges.…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Chuting Yu , Hang Li , Guido Zuccon , Joel Mackenzie , Teerapong Leelanupab

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed across healthcare applications, including clinical documentation, diagnostic reasoning, medicine recommendation, and medical education. Their outputs are largely unstructured clinical…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Lingyao Li , Deyi Li , Chen Chen , Renkai Ma , Runlong Yu , Mingquan Lin , Rui Yin , Lizhou Fan , Cathy Shyr , Siyuan Ma , Mei Liu , Steven Bethard

LLM-as-a-judge is a framework where a large language model (LLM) evaluates the output of another LLM. While LLMs excel at producing qualitative textual evaluations, they often struggle to predict human preferences and numeric scores. We…

The LLMJudge challenge is organized as part of the LLM4Eval workshop at SIGIR 2024. Test collections are essential for evaluating information retrieval (IR) systems. The evaluation and tuning of a search system is largely based on relevance…

Test-time scaling (TTS) has emerged as a new frontier for scaling the performance of Large Language Models. In test-time scaling, by using more computational resources during inference, LLMs can improve their reasoning process and task…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-10 V Venktesh , Mandeep Rathee , Avishek Anand

The adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) as automated evaluators (LLM-as-a-judge) has revealed critical inconsistencies in current evaluation frameworks. We identify two fundamental types of inconsistencies: (1) Score-Comparison…

Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) predicts applicable law articles, charges, and penalty terms from case facts. Beyond accuracy, LJP calls for intrinsically interpretable and legally grounded reasoning that can reconcile statutory rules with…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-03-23 Hui Liao , Chuan Qin , Yongwen Ren , Hao Li , Zhenya Huang , Yanyong Zhang , Chao Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as automated judges to evaluate recommendation systems, search engines, and other subjective tasks, where relying on human evaluators can be costly, time-consuming, and unscalable. LLMs…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-10 Gerrit J. J. van den Burg , Gen Suzuki , Wei Liu , Murat Sensoy

LLM-as-a-judge has become a promising paradigm for using large language models (LLMs) to evaluate natural language generation (NLG), but the uncertainty of its evaluation remains underexplored. This lack of reliability may limit its…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-24 Huanxin Sheng , Xinyi Liu , Hangfeng He , Jieyu Zhao , Jian Kang

As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, reliable evaluation methods are essential particularly for open-ended, instruction-following tasks. LLM-as-a-Judge enables automatic evaluation using LLMs as evaluators, but its…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-17 Yusuke Yamauchi , Taro Yano , Masafumi Oyamada

LLM-as-a-Judge has been widely adopted as an evaluation method and served as supervised rewards in model training. However, existing benchmarks for LLM-as-a-Judge are mainly relying on human-annotated ground truth, which introduces human…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-19 Yuanning Feng , Sinan Wang , Zhengxiang Cheng , Yao Wan , Dongping Chen

LLM-as-a-Judge evaluation has become a standard tool for assessing base model performance. However, characterizing performance via the naive estimator, i.e., raw judge outputs, is systematically biased. Recent work has proposed estimators…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 James Fiedler

Given the rapid progress of generative AI, there is a pressing need to systematically compare and choose between the numerous models and configurations available. The scale and versatility of such evaluations make the use of LLM-based…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-11 Ariel Gera , Odellia Boni , Yotam Perlitz , Roy Bar-Haim , Lilach Eden , Asaf Yehudai

The paradigm of LLM-as-a-judge is emerging as a scalable and efficient alternative to human evaluation, demonstrating strong performance on well-defined tasks. However, its reliability in open-ended tasks with dynamic environments and…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-03-04 Chunyang Li , Yilun Zheng , Xinting Huang , Tianqing Fang , Jiahao Xu , Lihui Chen , Yangqiu Song , Han Hu

Large language models (LLMs) can act as evaluators, a role studied by methods like LLM-as-a-Judge and fine-tuned judging LLMs. In the field of education, LLMs have been studied as assistant tools for students and teachers. Our research…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-26 Valeria Ramirez-Garcia , David de-Fitero-Dominguez , Antonio Garcia-Cabot , Eva Garcia-Lopez

LLM-as-a-Judge leverages the generative and reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) to evaluate LLM responses across diverse scenarios, providing accurate preference signals. This approach plays a vital role in aligning LLMs…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-09 Jiachen Yu , Shaoning Sun , Xiaohui Hu , Jiaxu Yan , Kaidong Yu , Xuelong Li

Test-time scaling via solution sampling and aggregation has become a key paradigm for improving the reasoning performance of Large Language Models (LLMs). While reward model selection is commonly employed in this approach, it often fails to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Zhicheng Yang , Zhijiang Guo , Yinya Huang , Yongxin Wang , Yiwei Wang , Xiaodan Liang , Jing Tang

LLM-as-judge evaluation has become standard practice for open-ended model assessment; however, judges exhibit systematic biases that cannot be averaged out by increasing the number of scenarios or generations. These biases are often similar…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-05 Ziyi Zhu , Olivier Tieleman , Alexey Bukhtiyarov , Jinghong Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are being used more and more extensively for automated evaluation in various scenarios. Previous studies have attempted to fine-tune open-source LLMs to replicate the evaluation explanations and judgments of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-28 Kaishuai Xu , Tiezheng Yu , Wenjun Hou , Yi Cheng , Liangyou Li , Xin Jiang , Lifeng Shang , Qun Liu , Wenjie Li