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Reinforcement learning is now widely adopted as the final stage of large language model training, especially for reasoning-style tasks such as maths problems. Typically, models attempt each question many times during a single training step…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-01 Thomas Foster , Anya Sims , Johannes Forkel , Mattie Fellows , Jakob Foerster

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in handling complex reasoning tasks through step-by-step rationale generation. However, recent studies have raised concerns regarding the hallucination and flaws in their…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-10-16 Fangkai Jiao , Chengwei Qin , Zhengyuan Liu , Nancy F. Chen , Shafiq Joty

Better understanding of Large Language Models' (LLMs) legal analysis abilities can contribute to improving the efficiency of legal services, governing artificial intelligence, and leveraging LLMs to identify inconsistencies in law. This…

The LLM-as-a-judge paradigm, in which a judge LLM system replaces human raters in rating the outputs of other generative AI (GenAI) systems, plays a critical role in scaling and standardizing GenAI evaluations. To validate such judge…

Large Language Models have demonstrated outstanding performance across various downstream tasks and have been widely applied in multiple scenarios. Human-annotated preference data is used for training to further improve LLMs' performance,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-06 Shimao Zhang , Xiao Liu , Xin Zhang , Junxiao Liu , Zheheng Luo , Shujian Huang , Yeyun Gong

LLM-as-a-Judge has emerged as a popular evaluation strategy, where advanced large language models assess generation results in alignment with human instructions. While these models serve as a promising alternative to human annotators, their…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-20 Xiyan Fu , Wei Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) as judges and LLM-based data synthesis have emerged as two fundamental LLM-driven data annotation methods in model development. While their combination significantly enhances the efficiency of model training and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-05 Dawei Li , Renliang Sun , Yue Huang , Ming Zhong , Bohan Jiang , Jiawei Han , Xiangliang Zhang , Wei Wang , Huan Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promising abilities as cost-effective and reference-free evaluators for assessing language generation quality. In particular, pairwise LLM evaluators, which compare two generated texts and determine…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-15 Han Zhou , Xingchen Wan , Yinhong Liu , Nigel Collier , Ivan Vulić , Anna Korhonen

Using a language model to score or rank candidate responses has become a scalable alternative to human evaluation in reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) pipelines, benchmarking, and application layer evaluations. However,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-04 Ryan Lail , Luke Markham

Alignment with human preferences is an important evaluation aspect of LLMs, requiring them to be helpful, honest, safe, and to precisely follow human instructions. Evaluating large language models' (LLMs) alignment typically involves…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-26 Yixin Liu , Pengfei Liu , Arman Cohan

Evaluation of large language model (LLM) outputs requires users to make critical judgments about the best outputs across various configurations. This process is costly and takes time given the large amounts of data. LLMs are increasingly…

LLM-as-a-Judge has been widely applied to evaluate and compare different LLM alignmnet approaches (e.g., RLHF and DPO). However, concerns regarding its reliability have emerged, due to LLM judges' biases and inconsistent decision-making.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-01 Hui Wei , Shenghua He , Tian Xia , Fei Liu , Andy Wong , Jingyang Lin , Mei Han

Large-scale public deliberations generate thousands of free-form contributions that must be synthesized into representative and neutral summaries for policy use. While LLMs have been shown as a promising tool to generate summaries for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-23 Shenzhe Zhu , Shu Yang , Michiel A. Bakker , Alex Pentland , Jiaxin Pei

With the rapid development of large language models (LLMs), it is highly demanded that LLMs can be adopted to make decisions to enable the artificial general intelligence. Most approaches leverage manually crafted examples to prompt the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-12-15 Xingjin Wang , Linjing Li , Daniel Zeng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown to be effective evaluators across various domains such as machine translations or the scientific domain. Current LLM-as-a-Judge approaches rely mostly on individual assessments or a single round of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-10 Isik Baran Sandan , Tu Anh Dinh , Jan Niehues

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities across a wide range of language tasks. However, their reasoning process is primarily guided by statistical patterns in training data, which limits their ability to handle novel…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-08-21 Hong Su

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be capable of impressive few-shot generalisation to new tasks. However, they still tend to perform poorly on multi-step logical reasoning problems. Here we carry out a comprehensive evaluation…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2022-05-20 Antonia Creswell , Murray Shanahan , Irina Higgins

Sentence simplification aims to modify a sentence to make it easier to read and understand while preserving the meaning. Different applications require distinct simplification policies, such as replacing only complex words at the lexical…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-09 Xuanxin Wu , Yuki Arase , Masaaki Nagata

LLMs are typically trained to answer user questions or follow instructions similarly to how human experts respond. However, in the standard alignment framework they lack the basic ability of explicit thinking before answering. Thinking is…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-15 Tianhao Wu , Janice Lan , Weizhe Yuan , Jiantao Jiao , Jason Weston , Sainbayar Sukhbaatar

LLM-as-a-judge has become a promising paradigm for using large language models (LLMs) to evaluate natural language generation (NLG), but the uncertainty of its evaluation remains underexplored. This lack of reliability may limit its…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-24 Huanxin Sheng , Xinyi Liu , Hangfeng He , Jieyu Zhao , Jian Kang