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Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) achieve remarkable inference-time improvements through parallel thinking. However, existing methods rely on redundant sampling of reasoning trajectories, failing to effectively explore the reasoning space to…

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a widely used approach for policy improvement through search with increasing popularity for real world applications. Due to the sequential and deterministic nature of its search, runtime-scaling of MCTS…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-22 Yaniv Oren , Viliam Vadocz , Joery A. de Vries , Wendelin Böhmer , Matthijs T. J. Spaan , Hendrik Baier

While recent advances in preference learning have enhanced alignment in human feedback, mathematical reasoning remains a persistent challenge. We investigate how data diversification strategies in preference optimization can improve the…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-07-04 Berkan Dokmeci , Qingyang Wu , Ben Athiwaratkun , Ce Zhang , Shuaiwen Leon Song , James Zou

Advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly improved multi-step reasoning through generating free-text rationales. However, recent studies show that LLMs tend to lose focus over the middle of long contexts. This raises…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-15 Siyuan Wang , Enda Zhao , Zhongyu Wei , Xiang Ren

Making changes to a program to optimize its performance is an unscalable task that relies entirely upon human intuition and experience. In addition, companies operating at large scale are at a stage where no single individual understands…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-05-08 Don M. Dini

In this paper, we address a method that integrates reinforcement learning into the Monte Carlo tree search to boost online path planning under fully observable environments for automated parking tasks. Sampling-based planning methods under…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-01-03 Xinlong Zheng , Xiaozhou Zhang , Donghao Xu

Retrosynthesis is a technique to plan the chemical synthesis of organic molecules, for example drugs, agro- and fine chemicals. In retrosynthesis, a search tree is built by analysing molecules recursively and dissecting them into simpler…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2017-02-02 Marwin Segler , Mike Preuß , Mark P. Waller

We present Doubly Robust Monte Carlo Tree Search (DR-MCTS), a novel algorithm that integrates Doubly Robust (DR) off-policy estimation into Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) to enhance sample efficiency and decision quality in complex…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-02-05 Manqing Liu , Andrew L. Beam

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have successfully employed search-based strategies to enhance code generation. However, existing methods typically rely on static, sparse public test cases for verification, leading to…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Qingyao Li , Weiwen Liu , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu , Bo An

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) based methods provide promising approaches for generating synthetic data to enhance the self-training of Large Language Model (LLM) based multi-agent systems (MAS). These methods leverage Q-values to estimate…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-27 Wentao Shi , Zichun Yu , Fuli Feng , Xiangnan He , Chenyan Xiong

Symbolic regression aims to discover concise, interpretable mathematical expressions that satisfy desired objectives, such as fitting data, posing a highly combinatorial optimization problem. While genetic programming has been the dominant…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-25 Zhengyao Huang , Daniel Zhengyu Huang , Tiannan Xiao , Dina Ma , Zhenyu Ming , Hao Shi , Yuanhui Wen

Large language models (LM) based on Transformers allow to generate plausible long texts. In this paper, we explore how this generation can be further controlled at decoding time to satisfy certain constraints (e.g. being non-toxic,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-05-05 Antoine Chaffin , Vincent Claveau , Ewa Kijak

Large language models often solve complex reasoning tasks more effectively with Chain-of-Thought (CoT), but at the cost of long, low-bandwidth token sequences. Humans, by contrast, often reason softly by maintaining a distribution over…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-14 Yao Tang , Li Dong , Yaru Hao , Qingxiu Dong , Furu Wei , Jiatao Gu

A novel method called mixed variable system Monte Carlo tree search (MVSMCTS) formulation is presented for optimization problems considering various types of variables with single and mixed continuous-discrete system. This method utilizes a…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2024-10-31 Fu-Yao Ko , Katsuyuki Suzuki , Kazuo Yonekura

Large Language Models (LLMs) using Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting excel at complex reasoning but generate verbose thought processes with considerable redundancy, leading to increased inference costs and reduced efficiency. We introduce a…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-02-17 Zeju Li , Jianyuan Zhong , Ziyang Zheng , Xiangyu Wen , Zhijian Xu , Yingying Cheng , Fan Zhang , Qiang Xu

With recent advancements in large language models, methods like chain-of-thought prompting to elicit reasoning chains have been shown to improve results on reasoning tasks. However, tasks that require multiple steps of reasoning still pose…

Tree of Thoughts (ToT) enhances Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning by structuring problem-solving as a spanning tree. However, recent methods focus on search accuracy while overlooking computational efficiency. The challenges of…

Large language models (LLMs) have shown limitations in tasks requiring complex logical reasoning and multi-step problem-solving. To address these challenges, researchers have employed carefully designed prompts and flowcharts, simulating…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-06 Changcheng Li , Xiangyu Wang , Qiuju Chen , Xiren Zhou , Huanhuan Chen

Large language models (LLMs) equipped with chain-of-thought (CoT) achieve strong performance and offer a window into LLM behavior. However, recent evidence suggests that improvements in CoT capabilities often come with redundant reasoning…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Yanrui Du , Sendong Zhao , Yibo Gao , Danyang Zhao , Qika Lin , Ming Ma , Jiayun Li , Yi Jiang , Kai He , Qianyi Xu , Bing Qin , Mengling Feng

Recent advances demonstrate that increasing inference-time computation can significantly boost the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Although repeated sampling (i.e., generating multiple candidate outputs) is a highly…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-11-10 Yuichi Inoue , Kou Misaki , Yuki Imajuku , So Kuroki , Taishi Nakamura , Takuya Akiba