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Length extrapolation algorithms based on Rotary position embedding (RoPE) have shown promising results in extending the context length of language models. However, understanding how position embedding can capture longer-range contextual…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-22 Xiangyu Hong , Che Jiang , Biqing Qi , Fandong Meng , Mo Yu , Bowen Zhou , Jie Zhou

Rotary Position Embeddings (RoPE) have become a standard for encoding sequence order in Large Language Models (LLMs) by applying rotations to query and key vectors in the complex plane. Standard implementations, however, utilize only the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-09 Xiaoran Liu , Yuerong Song , Zhigeng Liu , Zengfeng Huang , Qipeng Guo , Zhaoxiang Liu , Shiguo Lian , Ziwei He , Xipeng Qiu

Position embedding is a core component of current Large Language Models (LLMs). Rotary position embedding (RoPE), a technique that encodes the position information with a rotation matrix, has been the de facto choice for position embedding…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-24 Xin Men , Mingyu Xu , Bingning Wang , Qingyu Zhang , Hongyu Lin , Xianpei Han , Weipeng Chen

Rotary Positional Embedding (RoPE) is a widely adopted technique for encoding position in language models, which, while effective, causes performance breakdown when input length exceeds training length. Prior analyses assert (rightly) that…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-20 Davis Wertheimer , Aozhong Zhang , Derrick Liu , Penghang Yin , Naigang Wang

We identify intrinsic limitations of Rotary Positional Embeddings (RoPE) in Transformer-based long-context language models. Our theoretical analysis abstracts away from the specific content of the context and depends only on its length. We…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-18 Yufeng Du , Phillip Harris , Minyang Tian , Eliu A Huerta , Srikanth Ronanki , Subendhu Rongali , Aram Galstyan , Hao Peng

Positional Encodings (PEs) are a critical component of Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs), providing the attention mechanism with important sequence-position information. One of the most popular types of encoding used today in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-14 Federico Barbero , Alex Vitvitskyi , Christos Perivolaropoulos , Razvan Pascanu , Petar Veličković

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have made significant progress in multimodal tasks. However, their performance often deteriorates in long-context scenarios, particularly long videos. While Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) has been widely…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-09 Haoran Li , Yingjie Qin , Baoyuan Ou , Lai Xu , Ruiwen Xu

Enabling LLMs to handle lengthy context is currently a research hotspot. Most LLMs are built upon rotary position embedding (RoPE), a popular position encoding method. Therefore, a prominent path is to extrapolate the RoPE trained on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-13 Meizhi Zhong , Chen Zhang , Yikun Lei , Xikai Liu , Yan Gao , Yao Hu , Kehai Chen , Min Zhang

Long-context large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable advancements, driven by techniques like Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) (Su et al., 2023) and its extensions (Chen et al., 2023; Liu et al., 2024c; Peng et al., 2023). By…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-24 Bowen Yang , Bharat Venkitesh , Dwarak Talupuru , Hangyu Lin , David Cairuz , Phil Blunsom , Acyr Locatelli

Positional encoding is essential for large language models (LLMs) to represent sequence order, yet recent studies show that Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) can induce massive activation. We investigate the source of these instabilities via…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-07 Jing Xiong , Liyang Fan , Hui Shen , Zunhai Su , Min Yang , Lingpeng Kong , Ngai Wong

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to have limited extrapolation ability beyond their pre-trained context window, constraining their application in downstream tasks with lengthy inputs. Recent studies have sought to extend LLMs' context…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-01-17 Yikai Zhang , Junlong Li , Pengfei Liu

Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) has shown strong performance in text-based Large Language Models (LLMs), but extending it to video remains a challenge due to the intricate spatiotemporal structure of video frames. Existing adaptations,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-11-03 Zikang Liu , Longteng Guo , Yepeng Tang , Tongtian Yue , Junxian Cai , Kai Ma , Qingbin Liu , Xi Chen , Jing Liu

Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) rely on positional encodings to provide sequence position information to their attention mechanism. Rotary Positional Encodings (RoPE), which encode relative position by rotating queries and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-25 André Jonasson

In the realm of large-scale language models, a significant challenge arises when extrapolating sequences beyond the maximum allowable length. This is because the model's position embedding mechanisms are limited to positions encountered…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-05 Yui Oka , Taku Hasegawa , Kyosuke Nishida , Kuniko Saito

Extending the context length of Language Models (LMs) by improving Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) has become a trend. While prior works mainly address RoPE's limitations within attention, this paper uncovers the adverse effects on length…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-07-15 Ermo Hua , Che Jiang , Xingtai Lv , Kaiyan Zhang , Youbang Sun , Yuchen Fan , Xuekai Zhu , Biqing Qi , Ning Ding , Bowen Zhou

Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) is widely adopted in large language models, but when applied to vision-language models (VLMs) it couples text and image position indices and can introduce spurious cross-modal relative-position bias. We…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-22 Chengcheng Wang , Jianyuan Guo , Hongguang Li , Yuchuan Tian , Ying Nie , Chang Xu , Kai Han

Rotary Positional Embedding (RoPE) is a key component of context scaling in Large Language Models (LLMs). While various methods have been proposed to adapt RoPE to longer contexts, their guiding principles generally fall into two…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-06 Haoran Li , Sucheng Ren , Alan Yuille , Feng Wang

Extending context window sizes allows large language models (LLMs) to process longer sequences and handle more complex tasks. Rotary Positional Embedding (RoPE) has become the de facto standard due to its relative positional encoding…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-27 Haonan Wang , Qian Liu , Chao Du , Tongyao Zhu , Cunxiao Du , Kenji Kawaguchi , Tianyu Pang

Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) is widely adopted in large language models (LLMs) due to its efficient encoding of relative positions with strong extrapolation capabilities. However, while its application in higher-dimensional input…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-16 Haiping Liu , Lijing Lin , Jingyuan Sun , Zhegong Shangguan , Mauricio A. Alvarez , Hongpeng Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) experience significant performance degradation when the input exceeds the pretraining context window, primarily due to the out-of-distribution (OOD) behavior of Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE). Recent studies…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-06 Sikui Zhang , Guangze Gao , Ziyun Gan , Chunfeng Yuan , Zefeng Lin , Houwen Peng , Bing Li , Weiming Hu
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