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Due to the model aging problem, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) need updates to adjust them to new data distributions. The common practice leverages incremental learning (IL), e.g., Class-based Incremental Learning (CIL) that updates output…

Deep learning has achieved significant advancements in medical image segmentation, but existing models still face challenges in accurately segmenting lesion regions. The main reason is that some lesion regions in medical images have unclear…

Multi-table entity matching (MEM) addresses the limitations of dual-table approaches by enabling simultaneous identification of equivalent entities across multiple data sources without unique identifiers. However, existing methods relying…

As an effective learning paradigm against insufficient training samples, Multi-Task Learning (MTL) encourages knowledge sharing across multiple related tasks so as to improve the overall performance. In MTL, a major challenge springs from…

Federated learning (FL), as an emerging artificial intelligence (AI) approach, enables decentralized model training across multiple devices without exposing their local training data. FL has been increasingly gaining popularity in both…

Previous LLMs-based RL studies typically follow either supervised learning with high annotation costs, or unsupervised paradigms using voting or entropy-based rewards. However, their performance remains far from satisfactory due to the…

Multimodal learning enhances the performance of various machine learning tasks by leveraging complementary information across different modalities. However, existing methods often learn multimodal representations that retain substantial…

Deep Learning has advanced significantly in medical applications, aiding disease diagnosis in Chest X-ray images. However, expanding model capabilities with new data remains a challenge, which Continual Learning (CL) aims to address.…

Federated Learning (FL) allows a number of agents to participate in training a global machine learning model without disclosing locally stored data. Compared to traditional distributed learning, the heterogeneity (non-IID) of the agents…

Few-shot learning is an established topic in natural images for years, but few work is attended to histology images, which is of high clinical value since well-labeled datasets and rare abnormal samples are expensive to collect. Here, we…

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be effective on tabular prediction tasks in the low-data regime, leveraging their internal knowledge and ability to learn from instructions and examples. However, LLMs can fail to generate…

Structured Latent Attribute Models (SLAMs) are a family of discrete latent variable models widely used in education, psychology, and epidemiology to model multivariate categorical data. A SLAM assumes that multiple discrete latent…

Continual Learning (CL) methods have traditionally focused on mitigating catastrophic forgetting through gradient-based retraining, an approach ill-suited for deployed agents that must adapt in real time. We introduce our Adaptive Teaching…

Causal representation learning (CRL) has garnered increasing interest from the causal inference and artificial intelligence communities due to its potential to disentangle complex data-generating mechanism into causally interpretable latent…

AI systems often struggle to provide reliable predictions across all inputs, motivating hybrid human-AI decision-making. Existing Learning to Defer (L2D) approaches address this by training models to selectively defer to human experts.…

Efficient transfer learning (ETL) is receiving increasing attention to adapt large pre-trained language-vision models on downstream tasks with a few labeled samples. While significant progress has been made, we reveal that state-of-the-art…

Modern systems that rely on Machine Learning (ML) for predictive modelling, may suffer from the cold-start problem: supervised models work well but, initially, there are no labels, which are costly or slow to obtain. This problem is even…

Multimodal image-tabular learning is gaining attention, yet it faces challenges due to limited labeled data. While earlier work has applied self-supervised learning (SSL) to unlabeled data, its task-agnostic nature often results in learning…

Due to the sensitivity of data, Federated Learning (FL) is employed to enable distributed machine learning while safeguarding data privacy and accommodating the requirements of various devices. However, in the context of semi-decentralized…

This paper investigates the problem of Generalized Category Discovery (GCD). Given a partially labelled dataset, GCD aims to categorize all unlabelled images, regardless of whether they belong to known or unknown classes. Existing…