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Recently, test-time adaptation has attracted wide interest in the context of vision-language models for image classification. However, to the best of our knowledge, the problem is completely overlooked in dense prediction tasks such as…

Continual test-time adaptation (cTTA) methods are designed to facilitate the continual adaptation of models to dynamically changing real-world environments where computational resources are limited. Due to this inherent limitation, existing…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-12-01 Younggeol Cho , Youngrae Kim , Dongman Lee

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) such as CLIP enable strong zero-shot recognition but suffer substantial degradation under distribution shifts. Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) aims to improve robustness using only unlabeled test samples, yet most…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 Sanggeon Yun , Ryozo Masukawa , SungHeon Jeong , Wenjun Huang , Hanning Chen , Mohsen Imani

Test-time adaptation approaches have recently emerged as a practical solution for handling domain shift without access to the source domain data. In this paper, we propose and explore a new multi-modal extension of test-time adaptation for…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-04-28 Inkyu Shin , Yi-Hsuan Tsai , Bingbing Zhuang , Samuel Schulter , Buyu Liu , Sparsh Garg , In So Kweon , Kuk-Jin Yoon

Test-time adaptation aims to adapt a well-trained model to potential distribution shifts at test time using only unlabeled test data, without access to the original training data. While previous efforts mainly focus on a single modality,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-03-05 Yusheng Zhao , Junyu Luo , Xiao Luo , Jinsheng Huang , Jingyang Yuan , Zhiping Xiao , Ming Zhang

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to boost the generalization capability of a trained model by conducting self-/unsupervised learning during the testing phase. While most existing TTA methods for video primarily utilize visual supervisory…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-06-17 Runhao Zeng , Qi Deng , Ronghao Zhang , Shuaicheng Niu , Jian Chen , Xiping Hu , Victor C. M. Leung

Person re-identification (re-id), which aims to retrieve images of the same person in a given image from a database, is one of the most practical image recognition applications. In the real world, however, the environments that the images…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-12-03 Kazuki Adachi , Shohei Enomoto , Taku Sasaki , Shin'ya Yamaguchi

Pretrained vision-language models (VLMs) like CLIP show strong zero-shot performance but struggle with generalization under distribution shifts. Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) addresses this by adapting VLMs to unlabeled test data in new…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-08-11 Hamidreza Dastmalchi , Aijun An , Ali cheraghian

Multimodal sentiment analysis (MSA) is an emerging research topic that aims to understand and recognize human sentiment or emotions through multiple modalities. However, in real-world dynamic scenarios, the distribution of target data is…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-11 Zirun Guo , Tao Jin , Wenlong Xu , Wang Lin , Yangyang Wu

Machine learning models for text classification often excel on in-distribution (ID) data but struggle with unseen out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs. Most techniques for improving OOD robustness are not applicable to settings where the model…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-08-06 Kyle O'Brien , Nathan Ng , Isha Puri , Jorge Mendez , Hamid Palangi , Yoon Kim , Marzyeh Ghassemi , Thomas Hartvigsen

Test-time adaptation (TTA) seeks to tackle potential distribution shifts between training and test data by adapting a given model w.r.t. any test sample. Although recent TTA has shown promising performance, we still face two key challenges:…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-27 Mingkui Tan , Guohao Chen , Jiaxiang Wu , Yifan Zhang , Yaofo Chen , Peilin Zhao , Shuaicheng Niu

Conventional test-time adaptation (TTA) approaches typically adapt the model using only a small fraction of test samples, often those with low-entropy predictions, thereby failing to fully leverage the available information in the test…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Nam Nguyen Phuong , Duc Nguyen The Minh , Phi Le Nguyen , Ehsan Abbasnejad , Minh Hoai

Test-time adaptation (TTA) has demonstrated significant potential in addressing distribution shifts between training and testing data. Open-set test-time adaptation (OSTTA) aims to adapt a source pre-trained model online to an unlabeled…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-01-24 Hao Dong , Eleni Chatzi , Olga Fink

Entropy minimization (EM) is frequently used to increase the accuracy of classification models when they're faced with new data at test time. EM is a self-supervised learning method that optimizes classifiers to assign even higher…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-05-14 Ori Press , Ravid Shwartz-Ziv , Yann LeCun , Matthias Bethge

Test time adaptation (TTA) aims to adapt deep neural networks when receiving out of distribution test domain samples. In this setting, the model can only access online unlabeled test samples and pre-trained models on the training domains.…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-05-23 Shuai Wang , Daoan Zhang , Zipei Yan , Jianguo Zhang , Rui Li

Speech emotion recognition (SER) with audio-language models (ALMs) remains vulnerable to distribution shifts at test time, leading to performance degradation in out-of-domain scenarios. Test-time adaptation (TTA) provides a promising…

声音 · 计算机科学 2026-02-05 Jiacheng Shi , Hongfei Du , Y. Alicia Hong , Ye Gao

Encountering shifted data at test time is a ubiquitous challenge when deploying predictive models. Test-time adaptation (TTA) methods address this issue by continuously adapting a deployed model using only unlabeled test data. While TTA can…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-11 Mona Schirmer , Metod Jazbec , Christian A. Naesseth , Eric Nalisnick

Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) aims to adapt a pre-trained model to a sequence of target domains during the test phase without accessing the source data. To adapt to unlabeled data from unknown domains, existing methods rely on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-15 Jiayao Tan , Fan Lyu , Chenggong Ni , Tingliang Feng , Fuyuan Hu , Zhang Zhang , Shaochuang Zhao , Liang Wang

Test-time adaptation (TTA) may fail to improve or even harm the model performance when test data have: 1) mixed distribution shifts, 2) small batch sizes, 3) online imbalanced label distribution shifts. This is often a key obstacle…

Test-time adaptation (TTA) is an emerging paradigm that addresses distributional shifts between training and testing phases without additional data acquisition or labeling cost; only unlabeled test data streams are used for continual model…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-01-12 Taesik Gong , Jongheon Jeong , Taewon Kim , Yewon Kim , Jinwoo Shin , Sung-Ju Lee