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Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) on specific datasets is a common practice to improve performance on target tasks. However, this performance gain often leads to overfitting, where the model becomes too specialized in either the task…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-09-10 Sonam Gupta , Yatin Nandwani , Asaf Yehudai , Mayank Mishra , Gaurav Pandey , Dinesh Raghu , Sachindra Joshi

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) is intended to improve their reasoning capabilities, yet we uncover a counterintuitive effect: models often forget how to solve problems they previously answered correctly during training. We term…

We unveil that internal representations in large language models (LLMs) serve as reliable proxies of learned knowledge, and propose RECALL, a novel representation-aware model merging framework for continual learning without access to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-24 Bowen Wang , Haiyuan Wan , Liwen Shi , Chen Yang , Peng He , Yue Ma , Haochen Han , Wenhao Li , Tiao Tan , Yongjian Li , Fangming Liu , Yifan Gong , Sheng Zhang

Continual learning (CL) has emerged as a pivotal paradigm to enable large language models (LLMs) to dynamically adapt to evolving knowledge and sequential tasks while mitigating catastrophic forgetting-a critical limitation of the static…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-16 Hongyang Chen , Zhongwu Sun , Hongfei Ye , Kunchi Li , Xuemin Lin

This article focuses on large language models (LLMs) fine-tuning in the scarce data regime (also known as the "few-shot" learning setting). We propose a method to increase the generalization capabilities of LLMs based on neural network…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-25 Louis Falissard , Vincent Guigue , Laure Soulier

Given the prevalence of large language models (LLMs) and the prohibitive cost of training these models from scratch, dynamically forgetting specific knowledge e.g., private or proprietary, without retraining the model has become an…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-09 Tyler Lizzo , Larry Heck

Using neural networks in practical settings would benefit from the ability of the networks to learn new tasks throughout their lifetimes without forgetting the previous tasks. This ability is limited in the current deep neural networks by a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-06-20 Risto Vuorio , Dong-Yeon Cho , Daejoong Kim , Jiwon Kim

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is a common first stage of LLM post-training, teaching the model to follow instructions and shaping its behavior as a helpful assistant. At the same time, SFT may harm the fundamental capabilities of an LLM,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-16 Mark Rofin , Aditya Varre , Nicolas Flammarion

Continual learning in large language models (LLMs) is prone to catastrophic forgetting, where adapting to new tasks significantly degrades performance on previously learned ones. Existing methods typically rely on low-rank,…

Expanding the linguistic diversity of instruct large language models (LLMs) is crucial for global accessibility but is often hindered by the reliance on costly specialized target language labeled data and catastrophic forgetting during…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-16 Atsuki Yamaguchi , Terufumi Morishita , Aline Villavicencio , Nikolaos Aletras

The performance on general tasks decreases after Large Language Models (LLMs) are fine-tuned on domain-specific tasks, the phenomenon is known as Catastrophic Forgetting (CF). However, this paper presents a further challenge for real…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-03 Chengyuan Liu , Yangyang Kang , Shihang Wang , Lizhi Qing , Fubang Zhao , Changlong Sun , Kun Kuang , Fei Wu

Catastrophic forgetting remains a major challenge when fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on narrow, task-specific data, often degrading their general knowledge and reasoning abilities. We propose SA-SFT, a lightweight…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-25 Yutao Sun , Mingshuai Chen , Tiancheng Zhao , Phillip Miao , Zilun Zhang , Haozhan Shen , Ruizhe Zhu , Jianwei Yin

Most standard learning approaches lead to fragile models which are prone to drift when sequentially trained on samples of a different nature - the well-known "catastrophic forgetting" issue. In particular, when a model consecutively learns…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-04-09 Riccardo Volpi , Diane Larlus , Grégory Rogez

Fine-tuning a pre-trained model on a downstream task often degrades its original capabilities, a phenomenon known as "catastrophic forgetting". This is especially an issue when one does not have access to the data and recipe used to develop…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-13 Sunny Sanyal , Hayden Prairie , Rudrajit Das , Ali Kavis , Sujay Sanghavi

Pruning provides a practical solution to reduce the resources required to run large language models (LLMs) to benefit from their effective capabilities as well as control their cost for training and inference. Research on LLM pruning often…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-28 Yuanhe Tian , Junjie Liu , Xican Yang , Haishan Ye , Yan Song

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across various tasks. However, current training approaches combine standard cross-entropy loss with extensive data, human feedback, or ad hoc methods to enhance…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-16 Daniele Rege Cambrin , Giuseppe Gallipoli , Irene Benedetto , Luca Cagliero , Paolo Garza

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable proficiency in generating text, benefiting from extensive training on vast textual corpora. However, LLMs may also acquire unwanted behaviors from the diverse and sensitive nature of their…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-24 Zhiwei Zhang , Fali Wang , Xiaomin Li , Zongyu Wu , Xianfeng Tang , Hui Liu , Qi He , Wenpeng Yin , Suhang Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved significant progress from pre-training on and memorizing a wide range of textual data, however, this process might suffer from privacy issues and violations of data protection regulations. As a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-01 Jiaao Chen , Diyi Yang

We are motivated primarily by the adaptation of text-to-speech synthesis models; however we argue that more generic parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) is an appropriate framework to do such adaptation. Nevertheless, catastrophic…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-12-10 Haolin Chen , Philip N. Garner

Catastrophic forgetting remains a critical challenge in continual learning for large language models (LLMs), where models struggle to retain performance on historical tasks when fine-tuning on new sequential data without access to past…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Zhixin Zhang , Zeming Wei , Meng Sun