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Pre-trained Language Models (LMs) exhibit strong zero-shot and in-context learning capabilities; however, their behaviors are often difficult to control. By utilizing Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF), it is possible to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-31 Avelina Asada Hadji-Kyriacou , Ognjen Arandjelovic

Self-improvement through post-training methods such as iterative preference learning has been acclaimed for enhancing the problem-solving capabilities (e.g., mathematical reasoning) of Large Language Models (LLMs) without human…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-09 Ting Wu , Xuefeng Li , Pengfei Liu

Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) is the standard approach for adapting large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks. However, we observe a persistent failure mode: even after convergence, models often fail to correctly reproduce a subset of…

A common and effective strategy for humans to improve an unsatisfactory outcome in daily life is to find a cause of this outcome and correct the cause. In this paper, we investigate whether this human improvement strategy can be applied to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-17 Shicheng Liu , Siyuan Xu , Wenjie Qiu , Hangfan Zhang , Minghui Zhu

Evaluating the capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) in following instructions has heavily relied on a powerful LLM as the judge, introducing unresolved biases that deviate the judgments from human judges. In this work, we reevaluate…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-26 Xinxi Lyu , Yizhong Wang , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Pradeep Dasigi

Semi-supervised learning in automatic speech recognition (ASR) typically relies on pseudo-labeling, which often suffers from confirmation bias and error accumulation due to noisy supervision. To address this limitation, we propose ReHear, a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-24 Zefang Liu , Chenyang Zhu , Sangwoo Cho , Shi-Xiong Zhang

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable reward (RLVR) on preference data has become the mainstream approach for training Generative Reward Models (GRMs). Typically in pairwise rewarding tasks, GRMs generate reasoning chains ending with…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-04 Zongqi Wang , Rui Wang , Yuchuan Wu , Yiyao Yu , Pinyi Zhang , Shaoning Sun , Yujiu Yang , Yongbin Li

While astonishingly capable, large Language Models (LLM) can sometimes produce outputs that deviate from human expectations. Such deviations necessitate an alignment phase to prevent disseminating untruthful, toxic, or biased information.…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-10-30 Long Tan Le , Han Shu , Tung-Anh Nguyen , Choong Seon Hong , Nguyen H. Tran

Alignment with human preference is a desired property of large language models (LLMs). Currently, the main alignment approach is based on reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). Despite the effectiveness of RLHF, it is intricate…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-16 Geyang Guo , Ranchi Zhao , Tianyi Tang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is a widely used approach to align large-scale AI systems with human values. However, RLHF typically assumes a single, universal reward, which overlooks diverse preferences and limits…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-16 Gihoon Kim , Euntai Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse domains, but developing high-performing models for specialized applications often requires substantial human annotation -- a process that is…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-30 Abhinav Arabelly , Jagrut Nemade , Robert D Nowak , Jifan Zhang

Recent advances in large language model (LLM) reasoning have shown that sophisticated behaviors such as planning and self-reflection can emerge through reinforcement learning (RL). However, despite these successes, RL in its current form…

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has emerged as a key technique for aligning the output of large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. To learn the reward function, most existing RLHF algorithms use the…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-02-11 Kai Ye , Hongyi Zhou , Jin Zhu , Francesco Quinzan , Chengchun Shi

While Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is widely used to align Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences, it typically assumes homogeneous preferences across users, overlooking diverse human values and minority…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-28 Yijiang River Dong , Tiancheng Hu , Yinhong Liu , Ahmet Üstün , Nigel Collier

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has greatly improved the performance of modern Large Language Models (LLMs). The RLHF process is resource-intensive and technically challenging, generally requiring a large collection of…

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences is crucial for enhancing their utility in terms of helpfulness, truthfulness, safety, harmlessness, and interestingness. Existing methods for achieving this alignment often…

Standard human preference-based alignment methods, such as Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF), are a cornerstone for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values. However, these methods typically assume that…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-02 Xiaoyang Cao , Zelai Xu , Mo Guang , Kaiwen Long , Michiel A. Bakker , Yu Wang , Chao Yu

We present the workflow of Online Iterative Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) in this technical report, which is widely reported to outperform its offline counterpart by a large margin in the recent large language model…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-13 Hanze Dong , Wei Xiong , Bo Pang , Haoxiang Wang , Han Zhao , Yingbo Zhou , Nan Jiang , Doyen Sahoo , Caiming Xiong , Tong Zhang

One core capability of large language models (LLMs) is to follow natural language instructions. However, the issue of automatically constructing high-quality training data to enhance the complex instruction-following abilities of LLMs…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-19 Guanting Dong , Keming Lu , Chengpeng Li , Tingyu Xia , Bowen Yu , Chang Zhou , Jingren Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable performance across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, fine-tuning these models often necessitates substantial supervision, which can be expensive and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-05-25 Jing-Cheng Pang , Pengyuan Wang , Kaiyuan Li , Xiong-Hui Chen , Jiacheng Xu , Zongzhang Zhang , Yang Yu