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Training Large Language Models (LLMs) presents significant memory challenges, predominantly due to the growing size of weights and optimizer states. Common memory-reduction approaches, such as low-rank adaptation (LoRA), add a trainable…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-04 Jiawei Zhao , Zhenyu Zhang , Beidi Chen , Zhangyang Wang , Anima Anandkumar , Yuandong Tian

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language understanding and generation but face significant memory bottlenecks during training. GaLore, Gradient Low-Rank Projection, addresses this issue by leveraging the inherent…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-30 DiJia Su , Andrew Gu , Jane Xu , Yuandong Tian , Jiawei Zhao

Training Large Language Models (LLMs) is memory-intensive due to the large number of parameters and associated optimization states. GaLore, a recent method, reduces memory usage by projecting weight gradients into a low-rank subspace…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-12 Zhenyu Zhang , Ajay Jaiswal , Lu Yin , Shiwei Liu , Jiawei Zhao , Yuandong Tian , Zhangyang Wang

Training efficiency in large-scale models is typically assessed through memory consumption, training time, and model performance. Current methods often exhibit trade-offs among these metrics, as optimizing one generally degrades at least…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Tianhao Miao , Zhongyuan Bao , Lejun Zhang

Memory-efficient optimization is critical for training increasingly large language models (LLMs). A popular strategy involves gradient low-rank projection, storing only the projected optimizer states, with GaLore being a representative…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-21 Rui Pan , Yang Luo , Yuxing Liu , Yang You , Tong Zhang

Training large language models (LLMs) for pretraining or adapting to new tasks and domains has become increasingly critical as their applications expand. However, as the model and the data sizes grow, the training process presents…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-17 Amrutha Varshini Ramesh , Vignesh Ganapathiraman , Issam H. Laradji , Mark Schmidt

In the training of large language models, parameter-efficient techniques such as LoRA optimize memory usage and reduce communication overhead and memory usage during the fine-tuning phase. However, applying such techniques directly during…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-03 Kaiye Zhou , Shucheng Wang , Jun Xu

The memory challenges associated with training Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a critical concern, particularly when using the Adam optimizer. To address this issue, numerous memory-efficient techniques have been proposed, with…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-12 Yiming Chen , Yuan Zhang , Yin Liu , Kun Yuan , Zaiwen Wen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance across various tasks, but the escalating demands on computational resources pose significant challenges, particularly in the extensive utilization of full fine-tuning for…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-07 Jia-Hong Huang , Yixian Shen , Hongyi Zhu , Stevan Rudinac , Evangelos Kanoulas

Training and fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) come with challenges related to memory and computational requirements due to the increasing size of the model weights and the optimizer states. Various techniques have been developed to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-09 Yehonathan Refael , Jonathan Svirsky , Boris Shustin , Wasim Huleihel , Ofir Lindenbaum

Training large language models (LLMs) relies on adaptive optimizers such as Adam, which introduce extra operations and require significantly more memory to maintain first- and second-order moments than SGD. While recent works such as…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-22 Athanasios Glentis , Jiaxiang Li , Andi Han , Mingyi Hong

Building upon the success of low-rank adapter (LoRA), low-rank gradient projection (LoRP) has emerged as a promising solution for memory-efficient fine-tuning. However, existing LoRP methods typically treat each row of the gradient matrix…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-06 Yezhen Wang , Zhouhao Yang , Brian K Chen , Fanyi Pu , Bo Li , Tianyu Gao , Kenji Kawaguchi

Subspace optimization algorithms, such as GaLore (Zhao et al., 2024), have gained attention for pre-training and fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) due to their memory efficiency. However, their convergence guarantees remain unclear,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-05 Yutong He , Pengrui Li , Yipeng Hu , Chuyan Chen , Kun Yuan

Training LLMs presents significant memory challenges due to growing size of data, weights, and optimizer states. Techniques such as data and model parallelism, gradient checkpointing, and offloading strategies address this issue but are…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-22 Arijit Das

Low-rank training has emerged as a promising approach for reducing memory usage in training Large Language Models (LLMs). Previous methods either rely on decomposing weight matrices (e.g., LoRA), or seek to decompose gradient matrices…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-18 Xi Chen , Kaituo Feng , Changsheng Li , Xunhao Lai , Xiangyu Yue , Ye Yuan , Guoren Wang

Continual fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) is hampered by the trade-off between efficiency and expressiveness. Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) offers efficiency but constrains the model's ability to learn new tasks and transfer…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-08 Chenxu Wang , Yilin Lyu , Zicheng Sun , Liping Jing

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) fine-tunes large models by learning low-rank updates on top of frozen weights, dramatically reducing trainable parameters and memory. However, there is still a gap between full training with low-rank projections…

Pre-training large language models is dominated by the memory cost of storing full-rank weights, gradients, and optimizer states. Low-rank pre-training has emerged to address this, and the space of methods has grown rapidly. A central…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-20 Namrata Shivagunde , Vijeta Deshpande , Sherin Muckatira , Anna Rumshisky

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) has become a crucial technique for adapting pre-trained models to downstream tasks. However, the enormous size of LLMs poses significant challenges in terms of computational complexity and resource…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-28 Yifei Zhang , Hao Zhu , Aiwei Liu , Han Yu , Piotr Koniusz , Irwin King

Large language model (LLM) training is often bottlenecked by memory constraints and stochastic gradient noise in extremely high-dimensional parameter spaces. Motivated by empirical evidence that many LLM gradient matrices are effectively…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Zehao Li , Tao Ren , Zishi Zhang , Xi Chen , Yijie Peng
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