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In long context scenarios, large language models (LLMs) face three main challenges: higher computational cost, performance reduction, and position bias. Research indicates that LLM performance hinges on the density and position of key…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-13 Huiqiang Jiang , Qianhui Wu , Xufang Luo , Dongsheng Li , Chin-Yew Lin , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

With the wide adoption of language models for IR -- and specifically RAG systems -- the latency of the underlying LLM becomes a crucial bottleneck, since the long contexts of retrieved passages lead large prompts and therefore, compute…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-04-06 Cornelius Kummer , Lena Jurkschat , Michael Färber , Sahar Vahdati

While reasoning large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable performance across various tasks, they also contain notable security vulnerabilities. Recent research has uncovered a "thinking-stopped" vulnerability in DeepSeek-R1, where…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-04-30 Yu Cui , Yujun Cai , Yiwei Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are leading a new technological revolution as one of the most promising research streams toward artificial general intelligence. The scaling of these models, accomplished by increasing the number of parameters…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-17 Leonardo Berti , Flavio Giorgi , Gjergji Kasneci

Generative large language models (LLMs) have achieved state-of-the-art results on a wide range of tasks, yet they remain susceptible to backdoor attacks: carefully crafted triggers in the input can manipulate the model to produce…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-05-20 Yige Li , Hanxun Huang , Yunhan Zhao , Xingjun Ma , Jun Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly equipped with capabilities of real-time web search and integrated with protocols like Model Context Protocol (MCP). This extension could introduce new security vulnerabilities. We present a…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-23 Junjie Xiong , Changjia Zhu , Shuhang Lin , Chong Zhang , Yongfeng Zhang , Yao Liu , Lingyao Li

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) has sparked widespread and general interest due to their strong language generation capabilities, offering great potential for both industry and research. While previous research delved into…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-07-09 Lukas Struppek , Minh Hieu Le , Dominik Hintersdorf , Kristian Kersting

Writing effective prompts for large language models (LLM) can be unintuitive and burdensome. In response, services that optimize or suggest prompts have emerged. While such services can reduce user effort, they also introduce a risk: the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-03-03 Weiran Lin , Anna Gerchanovsky , Omer Akgul , Lujo Bauer , Matt Fredrikson , Zifan Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks that lead to generation of inappropriate or harmful content. Manual red-teaming requires a time-consuming search for adversarial prompts, whereas automatic adversarial…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-04 Anselm Paulus , Arman Zharmagambetov , Chuan Guo , Brandon Amos , Yuandong Tian

Large language model (LLM) systems increasingly power everyday AI applications such as chatbots, computer-use assistants, and autonomous robots, where performance often depends on manually well-crafted prompts. LLM-based prompt optimizers…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-14 Andrew Zhao , Reshmi Ghosh , Vitor Carvalho , Emily Lawton , Keegan Hines , Gao Huang , Jack W. Stokes

Large language models (LLMs) have become ubiquitous in practice and are widely used for generation tasks such as translation, summarization and instruction following. However, their enormous size and reliance on autoregressive decoding…

The open-endedness of large language models (LLMs) combined with their impressive capabilities may lead to new safety issues when being exploited for malicious use. While recent studies primarily focus on probing toxic outputs that can be…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-30 Jiaxin Wen , Pei Ke , Hao Sun , Zhexin Zhang , Chengfei Li , Jinfeng Bai , Minlie Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate content that is as persuasive as human-written text and appear capable of selectively producing deceptive outputs. These capabilities raise concerns about potential misuse and unintended…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-24 Cameron R. Jones , Benjamin K. Bergen

In-context learning (ICL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm leveraging LLMs for specific downstream tasks by utilizing labeled examples as demonstrations (demos) in the preconditioned prompts. Despite its promising performance, crafted…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-30 Xiangyu Zhou , Yao Qiang , Saleh Zare Zade , Prashant Khanduri , Dongxiao Zhu

Large language models (LLMs) have been a disruptive innovation in recent years, and they play a crucial role in our daily lives due to their ability to understand and generate human-like text. Their capabilities include natural language…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2024-10-17 Akrit Mudvari , Yuang Jiang , Leandros Tassiulas

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become an integral part of many real-world workflows. However, LLMs consume a lot of energy, which becomes a large concern in the scale of the demand for these tools. As LLMs become integrated into…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-05-01 Katelyn Crumpacker , Dimitrios Nikolopoulos

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly becoming the preferred foundation platforms for many Natural Language Processing tasks such as Machine Translation, owing to their quality often comparable to or better than task-specific…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-03-18 Zhifan Sun , Antonio Valerio Miceli-Barone

With the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs), generating rule-based data for real-world applications has become more accessible. Due to the inherent ambiguity of natural language and the complexity of rule sets, especially in long…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-21 Teng Wang , Zhenqi He , Wing-Yin Yu , Xiaojin Fu , Xiongwei Han

Large language models (LLMs) can perform recommendation tasks by taking prompts written in natural language as input. Compared to traditional methods such as collaborative filtering, LLM-based recommendation offers advantages in handling…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-07-21 Genki Kusano , Kosuke Akimoto , Kunihiro Takeoka

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in intelligent systems that perform reasoning, summarization, and code generation. Their ability to follow natural-language instructions, while powerful, also makes them vulnerable to a new…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-13 Daniyal Ganiuly , Assel Smaiyl