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Recent English Common Crawl datasets like FineWeb-Edu and DCLM achieved significant benchmark gains via aggressive model-based filtering, but at the cost of removing 90% of data. This limits their suitability for long token horizon…

While metrics available during pre-training, such as perplexity, correlate well with model performance at scaling-laws studies, their predictive capacities at a fixed model size remain unclear, hindering effective model selection and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-17 Hansi Zeng , Kai Hui , Honglei Zhuang , Zhen Qin , Zhenrui Yue , Hamed Zamani , Dana Alon

Subword tokenization is an essential part of modern large language models (LLMs), yet its specific contributions to training efficiency and model performance remain poorly understood. In this work, we decouple the effects of subword…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-15 Théo Gigant , Bowen Peng , Jeffrey Quesnelle

Large language models (LLMs) have recently attracted considerable interest for their ability to perform complex reasoning tasks, such as chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning. However, most of the existing approaches to enhance this ability rely…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-08 Xinyi Wang , Lucas Caccia , Oleksiy Ostapenko , Xingdi Yuan , William Yang Wang , Alessandro Sordoni

Large language models (LLMs) require immense resources for training and inference. Quantization, a technique that reduces the precision of model parameters, offers a promising solution for improving LLM efficiency and sustainability. While…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-18 Jacob Nielsen , Peter Schneider-Kamp , Lukas Galke

Building effective tokenizers for multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs) requires careful control over language-specific data mixtures. While a tokenizer's compression performance critically affects the efficiency of LLM training and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Inho Won , Hangyeol Yoo , Minkyung Cho , Jungyeul Park , Hoyun Song , KyungTae Lim

In Machine Translation, Large Language Models (LLMs) have generally underperformed compared to conventional encoder-decoder systems and thus see limited adoption. However, LLMs excel at modeling contextual information, making them a natural…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Ireh Kim , Tesia Sker , Chanwoo Kim

The prevailing paradigm for enhancing the reasoning abilities of LLMs revolves around post-training on high-quality, reasoning-intensive data. While emerging literature suggests that reasoning data is increasingly incorporated also during…

Data selection for finetuning Large Language Models (LLMs) can be framed as a budget-constrained optimization problem: maximizing a model's downstream performance under a strict training data budget. Solving this problem is generally…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-01 Animesh Jha , Harshit Gupta , Ananjan Nandi

Deep Neural Networks are well known for efficiently fitting training data, yet experiencing poor generalization capabilities whenever some kind of bias dominates over the actual task labels, resulting in models learning "shortcuts". In…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-08-12 Pietro Morerio , Ruggero Ragonesi , Vittorio Murino

The reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) play a critical role in many downstream tasks, yet depend strongly on the quality of training data. Despite various proposed data construction methods, their practical utility in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-09 Yike Zhao , Simin Guo , Ziqing Yang , Shifan Han , Dahua Lin , Fei Tan

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in visual-language tasks but face significant deployment challenges due to their high computational demands. While recent token reduction methods show promise for…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-11-26 Bingxin Xu , Yuzhang Shang , Yunhao Ge , Qian Lou , Yan Yan

Large language models (LLMs) augmented with multi-step reasoning and action generation abilities have shown promise in leveraging external tools to tackle complex tasks that require long-horizon planning. However, existing approaches either…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-16 Wei Fan , Wenlin Yao , Zheng Li , Feng Yao , Xin Liu , Liang Qiu , Qingyu Yin , Yangqiu Song , Bing Yin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have excelled in various tasks but perform better in high-resource scenarios, which presents challenges in low-resource scenarios. Data scarcity and the inherent difficulty of adapting LLMs to specific tasks…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-02 Yuanhao Zeng , Min Wang , Yihang Wang , Yingxia Shao

Fueled by their remarkable ability to tackle diverse tasks across multiple domains, large language models (LLMs) have grown at an unprecedented rate, with some recent models containing trillions of parameters. This growth is accompanied by…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-30 Athanasios Glentis , Jiaxiang Li , Qiulin Shang , Andi Han , Ioannis Tsaknakis , Quan Wei , Mingyi Hong

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in general tasks, but adapting them to specialized domains relies on high-quality supervised fine-tuning (SFT) data. Although existing methods can identify subsets of high-quality data and reduce training…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-17 Zhaoyang Shang , Sibo Wei , Jianbin Guo , Rui Zhou , Lifeng Dong , Yin Luo

The number of parameters in large-scale language models based on transformers is gradually increasing, and the scale of computing clusters is also growing. The technology of quickly mobilizing large amounts of computing resources for…

Domain adaptation of neural networks commonly relies on three training phases: pretraining, selected data training and then fine tuning. Data selection improves target domain generalization by training further on pretraining data identified…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-09-17 Dan Iter , David Grangier

Scaling laws guide the development of large language models (LLMs) by offering estimates for the optimal balance of model size, tokens, and compute. More recently, loss-to-loss scaling laws that relate losses across pretraining datasets and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-21 Prasanna Mayilvahanan , Thaddäus Wiedemer , Sayak Mallick , Matthias Bethge , Wieland Brendel

Data plays a fundamental role in training Large Language Models (LLMs). Efficient data management, particularly in formulating a well-suited training dataset, is significant for enhancing model performance and improving training efficiency…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-05 Zige Wang , Wanjun Zhong , Yufei Wang , Qi Zhu , Fei Mi , Baojun Wang , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu