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Diffusion models have become a central paradigm for image and multimodal generation, yet their deployment raises persistent questions about alignment, safety, preference satisfaction, and robustness to misuse. This survey reviews recent…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Preeti Lamba , Kiran Ravish , Ankita Kushwaha , Pawan Kumar

Post-training processes are essential phases in grounding pre-trained language models to real-world tasks, with learning from demonstrations or preference signals playing a crucial role in this adaptation. We present a unified theoretical…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-08 Bo Wang , Qinyuan Cheng , Runyu Peng , Rong Bao , Peiji Li , Qipeng Guo , Linyang Li , Zhiyuan Zeng , Yunhua Zhou , Xipeng Qiu

Prompt optimization and fine-tuning are two major approaches to improve the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs). They enhance the capabilities of LLMs from complementary perspectives: the former through explicit natural language,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Xiaohe Bo , Rui Li , Zexu Sun , Quanyu Dai , Zeyu Zhang , Zihang Tian , Xu Chen , Zhenhua Dong

Preference alignment methods are increasingly critical for steering large language models (LLMs) to generate outputs consistent with human values. While recent approaches often rely on synthetic data generated by LLMs for scalability and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-21 Mingye Zhu , Yi Liu , Zheren Fu , Yongdong Zhang , Zhendong Mao

Multimedia online platforms (e.g., Amazon, TikTok) have greatly benefited from the incorporation of multimedia (e.g., visual, textual, and acoustic) content into their personal recommender systems. These modalities provide intuitive…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2024-03-12 Wei Wei , Jiabin Tang , Yangqin Jiang , Lianghao Xia , Chao Huang

Despite recent advances in Large Video Language Models (LVLMs), they still struggle with fine-grained temporal understanding, hallucinate, and often make simple mistakes on even simple video question-answering tasks, all of which pose…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Pritam Sarkar , Ali Etemad

Prompting has become a practical method for utilizing pre-trained language models (LMs). This approach offers several advantages. It allows an LM to adapt to new tasks with minimal training and parameter updates, thus achieving efficiency…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-08-26 Kai-Wei Chang , Haibin Wu , Yu-Kai Wang , Yuan-Kuei Wu , Hua Shen , Wei-Cheng Tseng , Iu-thing Kang , Shang-Wen Li , Hung-yi Lee

Preference learning is critical for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values, with the quality of preference datasets playing a crucial role in this process. While existing metrics primarily assess data quality based on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-05 Kexin Huang , Junkang Wu , Ziqian Chen , Xue Wang , Jinyang Gao , Bolin Ding , Jiancan Wu , Xiangnan He , Xiang Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained widespread popularity due to their ability to perform ad-hoc Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks with a simple natural language prompt. Part of the appeal for LLMs is their approachability to the…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2025-02-25 Aditi Mishra , Utkarsh Soni , Anjana Arunkumar , Jinbin Huang , Bum Chul Kwon , Chris Bryan

The quality of the prompts provided to text-to-image diffusion models determines how faithful the generated content is to the user's intent, often requiring `prompt engineering'. To harness visual concepts from target images without prompt…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-12-20 Shweta Mahajan , Tanzila Rahman , Kwang Moo Yi , Leonid Sigal

Prompt learning represents a promising method for adapting pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) to various downstream tasks by learning a set of text embeddings. One challenge inherent to these methods is the poor generalization…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-11-18 Fangming Cui , Xun Yang , Chao Wu , Liang Xiao , Xinmei Tian

In large-scale industrial LLM systems, prompt templates often expand to thousands of tokens as teams iteratively incorporate sections such as task instructions, few-shot examples, and heuristic rules to enhance robustness and coverage. This…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-09 Zhentao Xu , Fengyi Li , Albert Chen , Xiaofeng Wang

Despite the considerable progress achieved in the long video generation problem, there is still significant room to improve the consistency of the generated videos, particularly in terms of their smoothness and transitions between scenes.…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-07-08 Xingyao Li , Fengzhuo Zhang , Jiachun Pan , Yunlong Hou , Vincent Y. F. Tan , Zhuoran Yang

Instruction fine-tuning has conventionally been employed to adapt Large Language Models (LLMs) to a variety of tasks. Nonetheless, this technique often necessitates substantial computational resources, making it impractical for deployment…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-08 Zhenting Qi , Xiaoyu Tan , Shaojie Shi , Chao Qu , Yinghui Xu , Yuan Qi

Large language models (LLMs) are fine-tuned using human comparison data with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) methods to make them better aligned with users' preferences. In contrast to LLMs, human preference learning has…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-11-23 Bram Wallace , Meihua Dang , Rafael Rafailov , Linqi Zhou , Aaron Lou , Senthil Purushwalkam , Stefano Ermon , Caiming Xiong , Shafiq Joty , Nikhil Naik

Recently, diffusion-based deep generative models (e.g., Stable Diffusion) have shown impressive results in text-to-image synthesis. However, current text-to-image models often require multiple passes of prompt engineering by humans in order…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-14 Tingfeng Cao , Chengyu Wang , Bingyan Liu , Ziheng Wu , Jinhui Zhu , Jun Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in open-ended text generation tasks. However, the inherent open-ended nature of these tasks implies that there is always room for improvement in the quality of model…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-09-16 Ziqi Wang , Le Hou , Tianjian Lu , Yuexin Wu , Yunxuan Li , Hongkun Yu , Heng Ji

Recent advances in text-to-image (T2I) generation have achieved impressive results, yet existing models often struggle with simple or underspecified prompts, leading to suboptimal image-text alignment, aesthetics, and quality. We propose a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-16 Ruibo Chen , Jiacheng Pan , Heng Huang , Zhenheng Yang

With the emergence of large pre-trained vison-language model like CLIP, transferable representations can be adapted to a wide range of downstream tasks via prompt tuning. Prompt tuning tries to probe the beneficial information for…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-07-10 Yinghui Xing , Qirui Wu , De Cheng , Shizhou Zhang , Guoqiang Liang , Peng Wang , Yanning Zhang

Prompt learning has been designed as an alternative to fine-tuning for adapting Vision-language (V-L) models to the downstream tasks. Previous works mainly focus on text prompt while visual prompt works are limited for V-L models. The…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-08-06 Chen Xu , Yuhan Zhu , Haocheng Shen , Boheng Chen , Yixuan Liao , Xiaoxin Chen , Limin Wang