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Legal decisions should be logical and based on statutory laws. While large language models(LLMs) are good at understanding legal text, they cannot provide verifiable justifications. We present L4L, a solver-centric framework that enforces…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-06 Linze Chen , Yufan Cai , Zhe Hou , Jin Song Dong

Large language models (LLMs) are being increasingly integrated into legal applications, including judicial decision support, legal practice assistance, and public-facing legal services. While LLMs show strong potential in handling legal…

Notwithstanding their unprecedented ability to generate text, LLMs do not understand the meaning of words, have no sense of context and cannot reason. Their output constitutes an approximation of statistically dominant word patterns. And…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-11 Eliza Mik

Encoding legislative text in a formal representation is an important prerequisite to different tasks in the field of AI & Law. For example, rule-based expert systems focused on legislation can support laypeople in understanding how…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-10 Samyar Janatian , Hannes Westermann , Jinzhe Tan , Jaromir Savelka , Karim Benyekhlef

Tool-using large language model (LLM) agents often face a fundamental tension between answer quality and execution cost. Fixed workflows are stable but inflexible, while free-form multi-step reasoning methods such as ReAct may improve task…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-23 Boyan Liu , Gongming Zhao , Hongli Xu

The increasing use of LLM-based agents to support decision-making and control across diverse domains motivates the need for systematic deconfliction of their proposed actions. We present a deconfliction framework for coordinating multiple…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-04-14 Shiva Poudel , Thiagarajan Ramachandran , Orestis Vasios , Andrew P. Reiman

In the age of large language models (LLMs), autonomous agents have emerged as a powerful paradigm for achieving general intelligence. These agents dynamically leverage tools, memory, and reasoning capabilities to accomplish user-defined…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-08-05 Chaojia Yu , Zihan Cheng , Hanwen Cui , Yishuo Gao , Zexu Luo , Yijin Wang , Hangbin Zheng , Yong Zhao

Modern AI systems increasingly rely on workflows composed of multiple interacting agents, some powered by large language models (LLMs) and others by conventional computational modules. This paper analyzes the fundamental tradeoffs between…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Ya-Ting Yang , Quanyan Zhu

Tables are fundamental in domains such as finance, healthcare, and public administration, yet real-world table tasks often involve noise, structural heterogeneity, and semantic complexity--issues underexplored in existing research that…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-07-15 Jiaming Tian , Liyao Li , Wentao Ye , Haobo Wang , Lingxin Wang , Lihua Yu , Zujie Ren , Gang Chen , Junbo Zhao

Legal invoice review is a costly, inconsistent, and time-consuming process, traditionally performed by Legal Operations, Lawyers or Billing Specialists who scrutinise billing compliance line by line. This study presents the first empirical…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-07 Nick Whitehouse , Nicole Lincoln , Stephanie Yiu , Lizzie Catterson , Rivindu Perera

Security analysts are overwhelmed by the volume of alerts and the low context provided by many detection systems. Early-stage investigations typically require manual correlation across multiple log sources, a task that is usually…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-29 Even Eilertsen , Vasileios Mavroeidis , Gudmund Grov

One type of machine learning, text classification, is now regularly applied in the legal matters involving voluminous document populations because it can reduce the time and expense associated with the review of those documents. One form of…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2019-04-04 Rishi Chhatwal , Nathaniel Huber-Fliflet , Robert Keeling , Jianping Zhang , Haozhen Zhao

Legal documents are typically long and written in legalese, which makes it particularly difficult for laypeople to understand their rights and duties. While natural language understanding technologies can be valuable in supporting such…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-11-24 Abhilasha Sancheti , Aparna Garimella , Balaji Vasan Srinivasan , Rachel Rudinger

Legal Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in providing legal consultations to non-experts. However, most existing Chinese legal consultation models are based on single-agent systems, which differ from real-world legal…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-17 Jingyun Sun , Chengxiao Dai , Zhongze Luo , Yangbo Chang , Yang Li

Large Language Model (LLM)-empowered multi-agent systems extend the cognitive boundaries of individual agents through disciplined collaboration and interaction, while constructing these systems often requires labor-intensive manual designs.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-10 Guibin Zhang , Luyang Niu , Junfeng Fang , Kun Wang , Lei Bai , Xiang Wang

Legal reasoning requires both precise interpretation of statutory language and consistent application of complex rules, presenting significant challenges for AI systems. This paper introduces a modular multi-agent framework that decomposes…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-11-11 Albert Sadowski , Jarosław A. Chudziak

Understanding the legally relevant factual basis of an event and conveying it through text is a key skill of legal professionals. This skill is important for preparing forms (e.g., insurance claims) or other legal documents (e.g., court…

The ability to negotiate contracts for a wide range of aspects and to provide services conforming to them is a most pressing need in service-oriented architectures. High-level models of contracts are making their way into the area, but…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2012-09-11 Gordon J. Pace , Anders P. Ravn

It is a notable trend to use Large Language Models (LLMs) to tackle complex tasks, e.g., tasks that require a sequence of actions and dynamic interaction with tools and external environments. In this paper, we propose StateFlow, a novel…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-09-17 Yiran Wu , Tianwei Yue , Shaokun Zhang , Chi Wang , Qingyun Wu

Smart contracts can implement and automate parts of legal contracts, but ensuring their legal compliance remains challenging. Existing approaches such as formal specification, verification, and model-based development require expertise in…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-06-03 Chanuka Wijayakoon , Hai Dong , H. M. N. Dilum Bandara , Zahir Tari , Anurag Soin