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Prior research shows that large language models (LLMs) exhibit systematic extrapolation bias when forming predictions from both experimental and real-world data, and that prompt-based approaches appear limited in alleviating this bias. We…

综合金融 · 定量金融 2026-05-05 Zhenyu Gao , Wenxi Jiang , Yutong Yan

Large language models (LLMs) are fine-tuned using human comparison data with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) methods to make them better aligned with users' preferences. In contrast to LLMs, human preference learning has…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-11-23 Bram Wallace , Meihua Dang , Rafael Rafailov , Linqi Zhou , Aaron Lou , Senthil Purushwalkam , Stefano Ermon , Caiming Xiong , Shafiq Joty , Nikhil Naik

As large language models (LLMs) become more capable, fine-tuning techniques for aligning with human intent are increasingly important. A key consideration for aligning these models is how to most effectively use human resources, or model…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-01 William Muldrew , Peter Hayes , Mingtian Zhang , David Barber

Preference alignment in Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly improved their ability to adhere to human instructions and intentions. However, existing direct alignment algorithms primarily focus on relative preferences and often…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-13 Shenao Zhang , Zhihan Liu , Boyi Liu , Yufeng Zhang , Yingxiang Yang , Yongfei Liu , Liyu Chen , Tao Sun , Zhaoran Wang

Recommender systems are critical for delivering personalized content across digital platforms, and recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) offer new opportunities to enhance them with richer world knowledge and explicit reasoning…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-05-22 Jingtong Gao , Zeyu Song , Chi Lu , Xiaopeng Li , Derong Xu , Maolin Wang , Peng Jiang , Kun Gai , Qingpeng Cai , Xiangyu Zhao

We present an outcome-driven fine-tuning framework that enhances the forecasting capabilities of large language models (LLMs) without relying on human-curated reasoning samples. Our method leverages model self-play to generate pairs of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-11 Benjamin Turtel , Danny Franklin , Philipp Schoenegger

Large language models in the past have typically relied on some form of reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF) to better align model responses with human preferences. However, because of oft-observed instabilities when…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-15 Xiangkun Hu , Tong He , David Wipf

Iterative data generation and model retraining are widely used to align large language models (LLMs). It typically involves a policy model to generate on-policy responses and a reward model to guide training data selection. Direct…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-01 Yao Xiao , Hai Ye , Linyao Chen , Hwee Tou Ng , Lidong Bing , Xiaoli Li , Roy Ka-wei Lee

Self-generated counterfactual explanations (SCEs) are minimally modified inputs (minimality) generated by large language models (LLMs) that flip their own predictions (validity), offering a causally grounded approach to unraveling black-box…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-13 Yilong Wang , Qianli Wang , Bohao Chu , Yihong Liu , Jing Yang , Simon Ostermann

Traditional RLHF-based LLM alignment methods explicitly maximize the expected rewards from a separate reward model. More recent supervised alignment methods like Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) circumvent this phase to avoid problems…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-03 Abhijnan Nath , Changsoo Jung , Ethan Seefried , Nikhil Krishnaswamy

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has become a popular method for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) due to its stability and simplicity. However, it is also known to be sensitive to noise in the data and prone to overfitting.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-28 Cheol Woo Kim , Shresth Verma , Mauricio Tec , Milind Tambe

Fine-tuning is integral for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. Multiple-Reference Preference Optimization (MRPO) builds on Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) by fine-tuning LLMs on preference datasets while…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-12 Skyler Wu , Aymen Echarghaoui

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences typically demands vast amounts of meticulously curated data, which is both expensive and prone to labeling noise. We propose Stackelberg Game Preference Optimization (SGPO), a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-22 Xu Chu , Zhixin Zhang , Tianyu Jia , Yujie Jin

Multi-Objective Alignment (MOA) aims to align LLMs' responses with multiple human preference objectives, with Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) emerging as a prominent approach. However, we find that DPO-based MOA approaches suffer from…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-09 Moxin Li , Yuantao Zhang , Wenjie Wang , Wentao Shi , Zhuo Liu , Fuli Feng , Tat-Seng Chua

The automatic generation of counter-speech (CS) is a critical strategy for addressing hate speech by providing constructive and informed responses. However, existing methods often fail to generate high-quality, impactful, and scalable CS,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-23 Sahil Wadhwa , Chengtian Xu , Haoming Chen , Aakash Mahalingam , Akankshya Kar , Divya Chaudhary

Advancements in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a diverse range of applications. These models excel in generating text completions that are contextually coherent and cover an extensive array of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-01-22 Bradley Butcher

This study addresses the challenge of noise in training datasets for Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), a method for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences. We categorize noise into pointwise noise, which includes…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-21 Junkang Wu , Yuexiang Xie , Zhengyi Yang , Jiancan Wu , Jiawei Chen , Jinyang Gao , Bolin Ding , Xiang Wang , Xiangnan He

Although LLMs have achieved significant success, their reliance on large volumes of human-annotated data has limited their potential for further scaling. In this situation, utilizing self-generated synthetic data has become crucial for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-17 Haoyan Yang , Khiem Le , Ting Hua , Shangqian Gao , Binfeng Xu , Zheng Tang , Jie Xu , Nitesh V. Chawla , Hongxia Jin , Vijay Srinivasan

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) has become a crucial step for aligning pretrained large language models (LLMs) using supervised datasets of input-output pairs. However, despite being supervised, SFT is inherently limited by its generative…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-25 Siqi Guo , Ilgee Hong , Vicente Balmaseda , Changlong Yu , Liang Qiu , Xin Liu , Haoming Jiang , Tuo Zhao , Tianbao Yang

While recent advancements in aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with recommendation tasks have shown great potential and promising performance overall, these aligned recommendation LLMs still face challenges in complex scenarios. This is…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-02-18 Yi Fang , Wenjie Wang , Yang Zhang , Fengbin Zhu , Qifan Wang , Fuli Feng , Xiangnan He