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In-Context Learning (ICL) enables pretrained LLMs to adapt to downstream tasks by conditioning on a small set of input-output demonstrations, without any parameter updates. Although there have been many theoretical efforts to explain how…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-23 Xuhan Tong , Yuchen Zeng , Jiawei Zhang

Continual learning requires to overcome catastrophic forgetting when training a single model on a sequence of tasks. Recent top-performing approaches are prompt-based methods that utilize a set of learnable parameters (i.e., prompts) to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-22 Li Jiao , Qiuxia Lai , Yu Li , Qiang Xu

In deep learning, test-time adaptation has gained attention as a method for model fine-tuning without the need for labeled data. A prime exemplification is the recently proposed test-time prompt tuning for large-scale vision-language models…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-04-02 Hee Suk Yoon , Eunseop Yoon , Joshua Tian Jin Tee , Mark Hasegawa-Johnson , Yingzhen Li , Chang D. Yoo

Prompt tuning is a new few-shot transfer learning technique that only tunes the learnable prompt for pre-trained vision and language models such as CLIP. However, existing prompt tuning methods tend to learn spurious or entangled…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-11-16 Xuehai He , Diji Yang , Weixi Feng , Tsu-Jui Fu , Arjun Akula , Varun Jampani , Pradyumna Narayana , Sugato Basu , William Yang Wang , Xin Eric Wang

Large pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) such as CLIP have demonstrated excellent zero-shot generalizability across various downstream tasks. However, recent studies have shown that the inference performance of CLIP can be greatly…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-11-21 Xin Wang , Kai Chen , Jiaming Zhang , Jingjing Chen , Xingjun Ma

We investigate whether prompts learned independently for different tasks can be later combined through prompt algebra to obtain a model that supports composition of tasks. We consider Visual Language Models (VLM) with prompt tuning as our…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-06-02 Pramuditha Perera , Matthew Trager , Luca Zancato , Alessandro Achille , Stefano Soatto

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) achieve strong performance through instruction tuning, yet real-world deployment often requires continual capability expansion across sequential tasks. In such scenarios, Multimodal Continual…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Tao Hu , Da-Wei Zhou

Class-incremental learning (CIL) aims to learn new classes while retaining previous knowledge. Although pre-trained model (PTM) based approaches show strong performance, directly fine-tuning PTMs on incremental task streams often causes…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-02 Zhiming Xu , Suorong Yang , Baile Xu , Furao Shen , Jian Zhao

Artificial general intelligence on graphs has shown significant advancements across various applications, yet the traditional 'Pre-train & Fine-tune' paradigm faces inefficiencies and negative transfer issues, particularly in complex and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-21 Chenyi Zi , Haihong Zhao , Xiangguo Sun , Yiqing Lin , Hong Cheng , Jia Li

Continual fine-tuning aims to adapt a pre-trained backbone to new tasks sequentially while preserving performance on earlier tasks whose data are no longer available. Existing approaches fall into two categories which include input- and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-17 Hang Thi-Thuy Le , Long Minh Bui , Minh Hoang , Trong Nghia Hoang

Continual Graph Learning (CGL), which aims to accommodate new tasks over evolving graph data without forgetting prior knowledge, is garnering significant research interest. Mainstream solutions adopt the memory replay-based idea, ie,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-11 Qi Wang , Tianfei Zhou , Ye Yuan , Rui Mao

User modeling in large e-commerce platforms aims to optimize user experiences by incorporating various customer activities. Traditional models targeting a single task often focus on specific business metrics, neglecting the comprehensive…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-02-28 Mingdai Yang , Fan Yang , Yanhui Guo , Shaoyuan Xu , Tianchen Zhou , Yetian Chen , Simone Shao , Jia Liu , Yan Gao

Prompt tuning has emerged as a key technique for adapting large pre-trained Decision Transformers (DTs) in offline Reinforcement Learning (RL), particularly in multi-task and few-shot settings. The Prompting Decision Transformer (PDT)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-02 Finn Rietz , Oleg Smirnov , Sara Karimi , Lele Cao

Prompt compression condenses contexts while maintaining their informativeness for different usage scenarios. It not only shortens the inference time and reduces computational costs during the usage of large language models, but also lowers…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-21 Xiao Pu , Tianxing He , Xiaojun Wan

In real-world continual learning (CL) scenarios, tasks often exhibit intricate and unpredictable semantic shifts, posing challenges for fixed prompt management strategies which are tailored to only handle semantic shifts of uniform degree…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-23 Doyoung Kim , Susik Yoon , Dongmin Park , Youngjun Lee , Hwanjun Song , Jihwan Bang , Jae-Gil Lee

Prompt tuning for vision-language models such as CLIP involves optimizing the text prompts used to generate image-text pairs for specific downstream tasks. While hand-crafted or template-based prompts are generally applicable to a wider…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-01-23 Qian Zhang

Thanks to the large pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) like CLIP, we can craft a zero-shot classifier by "prompt", e.g., the confidence score of an image being "[CLASS]" can be obtained by using the VLM provided similarity measure…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-08-14 Beier Zhu , Yulei Niu , Yucheng Han , Yue Wu , Hanwang Zhang

Class incremental learning (CIL) is a challenging setting of continual learning, which learns a series of tasks sequentially. Each task consists of a set of unique classes. The key feature of CIL is that no task identifier (or task-id) is…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-03-14 Haowei Lin , Yijia Shao , Weinan Qian , Ningxin Pan , Yiduo Guo , Bing Liu

Class incremental learning(CIL) has attracted much attention, but most existing related works focus on fine-tuning the entire representation model, which inevitably results in much catastrophic forgetting. In the contrast, with a…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-02-10 Jieren Deng , Jianhua Hu , Haojian Zhang , Yunkuan Wang

Prompt tuning, in which a base pretrained model is adapted to each task via conditioning on learned prompt vectors, has emerged as a promising approach for efficiently adapting large language models to multiple downstream tasks. However,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-03-07 Zhen Wang , Rameswar Panda , Leonid Karlinsky , Rogerio Feris , Huan Sun , Yoon Kim