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Existing gradient-based jailbreak attacks on Large Language Models (LLMs) typically optimize adversarial suffixes to align the LLM output with predefined target responses. However, restricting the objective as inducing fixed targets…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Xinzhe Huang , Wenjing Hu , Tianhang Zheng , Kedong Xiu , Xiaojun Jia , Di Wang , Zhan Qin , Kui Ren

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed artificial intelligence by advancing natural language understanding and generation, enabling applications across fields beyond healthcare, software engineering, and conversational systems.…

Automatic adversarial prompt generation provides remarkable success in jailbreaking safely-aligned large language models (LLMs). Existing gradient-based attacks, while demonstrating outstanding performance in jailbreaking white-box LLMs,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-22 Qizhang Li , Xiaochen Yang , Wangmeng Zuo , Yiwen Guo

The growing integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into critical societal domains has raised concerns about embedded biases that can perpetuate stereotypes and undermine fairness. Such biases may stem from historical inequalities in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-17 Riccardo Cantini , Alessio Orsino , Massimo Ruggiero , Domenico Talia

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across diverse applications but remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, where attackers craft prompts that bypass safety alignment and elicit unsafe responses. Among existing…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-04 Zhi Xu , Jiaqi Li , Xiaotong Zhang , Hong Yu , Han Liu

Audio large language models (ALLMs) enable rich speech-text interaction, but they also introduce jailbreak vulnerabilities in the audio modality. Existing audio jailbreak methods mainly optimize jailbreak success while overlooking utility…

声音 · 计算机科学 2026-04-13 Yunqiang Wang , Hengyuan Na , Di Wu , Miao Hu , Guocong Quan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various tasks, yet they remain vulnerable to adversarial manipulations such as jailbreaking via prompt injection attacks. These attacks bypass safety mechanisms…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-08 Xin Wei Chia , Swee Liang Wong , Jonathan Pan

As large language models (LLMs) are becoming more capable and widespread, the study of their failure cases is becoming increasingly important. Recent advances in standardizing, measuring, and scaling test-time compute suggest new…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-26 Mahdi Sabbaghi , Paul Kassianik , George Pappas , Yaron Singer , Amin Karbasi , Hamed Hassani

Recent research indicates that large language models (LLMs) are susceptible to jailbreaking attacks that can generate harmful content. This paper introduces a novel token-level attack method, Adaptive Dense-to-Sparse Constrained…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-13 Kai Hu , Weichen Yu , Yining Li , Kai Chen , Tianjun Yao , Xiang Li , Wenhe Liu , Lijun Yu , Zhiqiang Shen , Matt Fredrikson

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in various domains but remain vulnerable to adversarial jailbreak attacks. Existing prompt-defense strategies, including parameter-modifying and parameter-free approaches, face…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-02-20 Ziyi Ni , Hao Wang , Huacan Wang

Jailbreak attacks on audio language models (ALMs) optimize audio perturbations to elicit unsafe generations, and they typically update the entire waveform densely throughout optimization. In this work, we investigate the necessity of such…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Zheng Fang , Xiaosen Wang , Shenyi Zhang , Shaokang Wang , Zhijin Ge

Modern Large audio-language models (LALMs) power intelligent voice interactions by tightly integrating audio and text. This integration, however, expands the attack surface beyond text and introduces vulnerabilities in the continuous,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-17 Meng Chen , Kun Wang , Li Lu , Jiaheng Zhang , Tianwei Zhang

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in critical applications, ensuring their robustness and safety alignment remains a major challenge. Despite the overall success of alignment techniques such as reinforcement learning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-21 Sajib Biswas , Mao Nishino , Samuel Jacob Chacko , Xiuwen Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance across natural language tasks and are increasingly deployed in real-world applications. Despite extensive safety alignment efforts, recent studies show that such alignment is…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-02-02 Yinzhi Zhao , Ming Wang , Shi Feng , Xiaocui Yang , Daling Wang , Yifei Zhang

Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications, yet their robustness against malicious audio injection attacks remains underexplored. This study systematically evaluates five leading LALMs across…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-11 Guanyu Hou , Jiaming He , Yinhang Zhou , Ji Guo , Yitong Qiao , Rui Zhang , Wenbo Jiang

Recent advancements in generative AI have enabled ubiquitous access to large language models (LLMs). Empowered by their exceptional capabilities to understand and generate human-like text, these models are being increasingly integrated into…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-02 Zhiyuan Yu , Xiaogeng Liu , Shunning Liang , Zach Cameron , Chaowei Xiao , Ning Zhang

Despite advances in AI alignment, large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks or jailbreaking, in which adversaries can modify prompts to induce unwanted behavior. While some defenses have been proposed, they have…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-11 Andy Zhou , Bo Li , Haohan Wang

Adversarial prompts generated using gradient-based methods exhibit outstanding performance in performing automatic jailbreak attacks against safety-aligned LLMs. Nevertheless, due to the discrete nature of texts, the input gradient of LLMs…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-11-04 Qizhang Li , Yiwen Guo , Wangmeng Zuo , Hao Chen

The foundational capabilities established by Large Language Models (LLMs) have paved the way for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), within which Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) are essential for realizing universal auditory…

Jailbreak attacks pose a serious threat to the safety of Large Language Models (LLMs) by crafting adversarial prompts that bypass alignment mechanisms, causing the models to produce harmful, restricted, or biased content. In this paper, we…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-22 Xiangman Li , Xiaodong Wu , Qi Li , Jianbing Ni , Rongxing Lu