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Although recent advances in scaling large language models (LLMs) have resulted in improvements on many NLP tasks, it remains unclear whether these models trained primarily with general web text are the right tool in highly specialized,…

Large multilingual pretrained language models (mPLMs) have become the de facto state of the art for cross-lingual transfer in NLP. However, their large-scale deployment to many languages, besides pretraining data scarcity, is also hindered…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-04-19 Sukannya Purkayastha , Sebastian Ruder , Jonas Pfeiffer , Iryna Gurevych , Ivan Vulić

Training and fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) come with challenges related to memory and computational requirements due to the increasing size of the model weights and the optimizer states. Various techniques have been developed to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-09 Yehonathan Refael , Jonathan Svirsky , Boris Shustin , Wasim Huleihel , Ofir Lindenbaum

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in English, but their performance degrades significantly on low-resource languages (LRLs) due to English-centric training. While methods like LangBridge align LLMs with multilingual encoders such as the…

Creating multilingual LLMs poses a significant challenge. Pretraining or fine-tuning LLMs to adopt new languages is evidently very costly. Furthermore, there exist limitations concerning benchmark datasets and the metrics used to measure…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-08 Bibek Upadhayay , Vahid Behzadan

Large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-4, PaLM, and LLaMa, have been shown to achieve remarkable performance across a variety of natural language tasks. Recent advancements in instruction tuning bring LLMs with ability in following…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-09-12 Vu-Thuan Doan , Quoc-Truong Truong , Duc-Vu Nguyen , Vinh-Tiep Nguyen , Thuy-Ngan Nguyen Luu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant success in natural language processing (NLP) tasks and have shown promising results in other domains such as protein sequence generation. However, there remain salient differences…

生物大分子 · 定量生物学 2024-11-12 Aayush Shah , Shankar Jayaratnam

Continual pre-training has increasingly become the predominant approach for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) to new domains. This process involves updating the pre-trained LLM with a corpus from a new domain, resulting in a shift in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-28 Yiduo Guo , Jie Fu , Huishuai Zhang , Dongyan Zhao , Yikang Shen

Research on scaling large language models (LLMs) has primarily focused on model parameters and training data size, overlooking the role of vocabulary size. We investigate how vocabulary size impacts LLM scaling laws by training models…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-04 Chaofan Tao , Qian Liu , Longxu Dou , Niklas Muennighoff , Zhongwei Wan , Ping Luo , Min Lin , Ngai Wong

Pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized text processing, yet adapting Transformer-based neural networks to non-textual scientific modalities typically requires specialized architectures and extensive computational…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2025-08-15 Nesar Ramachandra , Yuan-Sen Ting , Zechang Sun , Azton Wells , Salman Habib

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown that domain-adapted large language models (LLMs) do not consistently outperform general-purpose counterparts on standard medical benchmarks, raising questions about the need for specialized clinical…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-09 Ane G. Domingo-Aldama , Iker De La Iglesia , Maitane Urruela , Aitziber Atutxa , Ander Barrena

Tokenization is a foundational step in the text process of Large Language Models (LLMs). Texts must be first tokenized into token IDs, which are then input to LLMs. Inefficient tokenization results in long token-ID sequences and will slow…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-14 Chong Li , Yingzhuo Deng , Wen Yang , Jiajun Zhang , Chengqing Zong

English, as a very high-resource language, enables the pretraining of high-quality large language models (LLMs). The same cannot be said for most other languages, as leading LLMs still underperform for non-English languages, likely due to a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-07 Jiayi Wang , Yao Lu , Maurice Weber , Max Ryabinin , Yihong Chen , Raphael Tang , Pontus Stenetorp

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained significant attention due to their high performance on a wide range of natural language tasks since the release of ChatGPT. The LLMs learn to understand and generate language by training billions of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-29 Wazir Ali , Sampo Pyysalo

The rapid integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into various domains raises concerns about societal inequalities and information bias. This study examines biases in LLMs related to background, gender, and age, with a focus on their…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-15 Willem Huijzer , Jieying Chen

Large language models (LLMs), such as GPT series and Llama series have demonstrated strong capabilities in natural language processing, contextual understanding, and text generation. In recent years, researchers are trying to enhance the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-08 Ziyang Chen , Stylios Moscholios

The development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has predominantly focused on high-resource languages, leaving extremely low-resource languages like Irish with limited representation. This work presents UCCIX, a pioneering effort on the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-24 Khanh-Tung Tran , Barry O'Sullivan , Hoang D. Nguyen

Dataset curation has become a basis for strong large language model (LLM) performance. While various rule-based filtering heuristics exist for English and multilingual datasets, model-based filtering techniques have primarily focused on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-20 Bettina Messmer , Vinko Sabolčec , Martin Jaggi