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Oversmoothing is a fundamental challenge in graph neural networks (GNNs): as the number of layers increases, node embeddings become increasingly similar, and model performance drops sharply. Traditionally, oversmoothing has been quantified…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-24 Kaicheng Zhang , Piero Deidda , Desmond Higham , Francesco Tudisco

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are one of the most popular research topics for deep learning. GNN methods typically have been designed on top of the graph signal processing theory. In particular, diffusion equations have been widely used for…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-06-16 Jeongwhan Choi , Seoyoung Hong , Noseong Park , Sung-Bae Cho

Linearized Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have attracted great attention in recent years for graph representation learning. Compared with nonlinear Graph Neural Network (GNN) models, linearized GNNs are much more time-efficient and can…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-02-02 Yulin Zhu , Xing Ai , Qimai Li , Xiao-Ming Wu , Kai Zhou

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have achieved promising performance on various graph-based tasks. However they suffer from over-smoothing when stacking more layers. In this paper, we present a quantitative study on this observation and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-09-28 Hongwei Zhang , Tijin Yan , Zenjun Xie , Yuanqing Xia , Yuan Zhang

Continuous graph neural models based on differential equations have expanded the architecture of graph neural networks (GNNs). Due to the connection between graph diffusion and message passing, diffusion-based models have been widely…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-01 Kaiyuan Cui , Xinyan Wang , Zicheng Zhang , Weichen Zhao

Graph Neural Networks are powerful models for learning from graph-structured data, yet their effectiveness is often limited by two critical challenges: over-squashing, where information from distant nodes is excessively compressed, and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-05 Hugo Attali , Nathalie Pernelle , Davide Buscaldi , Fragkiskos D. Malliaros

Graph Neural Networks are powerful models for learning from graph-structured data, yet their effectiveness is often limited by two critical challenges: over-squashing, where information from distant nodes is excessively compressed, and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-04 Hugo Attali , Davide Buscaldi , Nathalie Pernelle , Fragkiskos D. Malliaros

Oversmoothing is a common challenge in learning graph neural networks (GNN), where, as layers increase, embedding features learned from GNNs quickly become similar or indistinguishable, making them incapable of differentiating network…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-22 Yufei Jin , Xingquan Zhu

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved great success in various graph mining tasks.However, drastic performance degradation is always observed when a GNN is stacked with many layers. As a result, most GNNs only have shallow…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-06-10 Wentao Zhang , Zeang Sheng , Ziqi Yin , Yuezihan Jiang , Yikuan Xia , Jun Gao , Zhi Yang , Bin Cui

Existing approaches for graph neural networks commonly suffer from the oversmoothing issue, regardless of how neighborhoods are aggregated. Most methods also focus on transductive scenarios for fixed graphs, leading to poor generalization…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-06-25 Kyuyong Shin , Wonyoung Shin , Jung-Woo Ha , Sunyoung Kwon

Current GNN-oriented NAS methods focus on the search for different layer aggregate components with shallow and simple architectures, which are limited by the 'over-smooth' problem. To further explore the benefits from structural diversity…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-09-22 Guosheng Feng , Chunnan Wang , Hongzhi Wang

While Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are powerful models for learning representations on graphs, most state-of-the-art models do not have significant accuracy gain beyond two to three layers. Deep GNNs fundamentally need to address: 1).…

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are designed to process data associated with graphs. They are finding an increasing range of applications; however, as with other modern machine learning techniques, their theoretical understanding is limited.…

无序系统与神经网络 · 物理学 2026-02-23 O. Duranthon , L. Zdeborová

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved success in various inference tasks on graph-structured data. However, common challenges faced by many GNNs in the literature include the problem of graph node embedding under various geometries and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-03-03 Qiyu Kang , Kai Zhao , Yang Song , Sijie Wang , Rui She , Wee Peng Tay

Numerous recent research on graph neural networks (GNNs) has focused on formulating GNN architectures as an optimization problem with the smoothness assumption. However, in node classification tasks, the smoothing effect induced by GNNs…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-09-14 Jiayu Zhai , Lequan Lin , Dai Shi , Junbin Gao

Deep graph neural networks (GNNs) often suffer from oversmoothing, where node representations become overly homogeneous with increasing depth. While techniques like normalization, residual connections, and edge dropout have been proposed to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-30 Jiaqi Wang , Xinyi Wu , James Cheng , Yifei Wang

Graph Convolution Networks (GCN) are widely used in learning graph representations due to their effectiveness and efficiency. However, they suffer from the notorious over-smoothing problem, in which the learned representations of densely…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-04-10 Xin Xin , Alexandros Karatzoglou , Ioannis Arapakis , Joemon M. Jose

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have been proved to be very practical to handle various graph-related tasks. It has attracted considerable research interest to study deep GCNs, due to their potential superior performance compared with…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-02-13 Lei Zhang , Xiaodong Yan , Jianshan He , Ruopeng Li , Wei Chu

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) with equivariant properties have achieved significant success in modeling complex dynamic systems and molecular properties. However, their expressiveness ability is limited by: (1) Existing methods often…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-04 Yingxu Wang , Nan Yin , Mingyan Xiao , Xinhao Yi , Siwei Liu , Shangsong Liang

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN) is a pioneering model for graph-based semi-supervised learning. However, GCN does not perform well on sparsely-labeled graphs. Its two-layer version cannot effectively propagate the label information to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-24 Wei Ye , Zexi Huang , Yunqi Hong , Ambuj Singh