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Mixture of Experts (MoE) models have become central to scaling large language models, yet their mechanistic differences from dense networks remain poorly understood. Previous work has explored how dense models use \textit{superposition} to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-29 Marmik Chaudhari , Jeremi Nuer , Rome Thorstenson

In this work, we propose a method that combines two popular research areas by injecting linguistic structures into pre-trained language models in the parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) setting. In our approach, parallel adapter modules…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-26 Raymond Li , Gabriel Murray , Giuseppe Carenini

Extending large language models to low-resource languages is essential for global accessibility, but training separate models per language is prohibitively expensive. Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures address this by adding sparse…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-06 Rongzhi Li , Hitomi Yanaka

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures are increasingly adopted in large language models (LLMs) for their scalability and efficiency. However, their modular structure introduces a unique vulnerability: adversaries can attempt to compress or…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-26 Pinaki Prasad Guha Neogi , Ahmad Mohammadshirazi , Dheeraj Kulshrestha , Rajiv Ramnath

Open-source Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly specialize by domain (e.g., math, code, general reasoning), motivating systems that leverage complementary strengths across models. Prior multi-LLM approaches either (i) route a query to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-26 Jacob Fein-Ashley , Dhruv Parikh , Rajgopal Kannan , Viktor Prasanna

Mixture of Experts (MoE) LLMs face significant obstacles due to their massive parameter scale, which imposes memory, storage, and deployment challenges. Although recent expert merging methods promise greater efficiency by consolidating…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-01 Lujun Li , Zhu Qiyuan , Jiacheng Wang , Wei Li , Hao Gu , Sirui Han , Yike Guo

Mixture of Experts (MoE) has become a mainstream architecture for building Large Language Models (LLMs) by reducing per-token computation while enabling model scaling. It can be viewed as partitioning a large Feed-Forward Network (FFN) at…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-27 Weilin Cai , Le Qin , Shwai He , Junwei Cui , Ang Li , Jiayi Huang

Current Large Language Models (LLMs) face three major challenges: context length limitations, high inference costs, and catastrophic forgetting during continual learning. While Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures mitigate some of these…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-23 Zhongpan Tang

Large Language Models (LLMs) encounter significant challenges in continual learning due to catastrophic forgetting, where new information overwrites previously acquired knowledge. This limitation leads to substantial environmental and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-01 Min Jae Jung , JooHee Kim

Sparse mixture-of-experts (MoE) layers have been shown to substantially increase model capacity without a proportional increase in computational cost and are widely used in transformer architectures, where they typically replace…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-16 Svetlana Pavlitska , Haixi Fan , Konstantin Ditschuneit , J. Marius Zöllner

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models scale large language models efficiently by sparsely activating experts, but once an expert is selected, it is executed fully. Hence, the trade-off between accuracy and computation in an MoE model typically…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-09 Nurbek Tastan , Stefanos Laskaridis , Karthik Nandakumar , Samuel Horvath

Continual learning in Large Language Models (LLMs) is hindered by the plasticity-stability dilemma, where acquiring new capabilities often leads to catastrophic forgetting of previous knowledge. Existing methods typically treat parameters…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-05 Fatema Siddika , Md Anwar Hossen , Tanwi Mallick , Ali Jannesari

Mixture of Experts (MoE) models enable parameter-efficient scaling through sparse expert activations, yet optimizing their inference and memory costs remains challenging due to limited understanding of their specialization behavior. We…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-09 Marmik Chaudhari , Idhant Gulati , Nishkal Hundia , Pranav Karra , Shivam Raval

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language models can reduce computational costs by 2-4$\times$ compared to dense models without sacrificing performance, making them more efficient in computation-bounded scenarios. However, MoE models generally…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-09 Bowen Pan , Yikang Shen , Haokun Liu , Mayank Mishra , Gaoyuan Zhang , Aude Oliva , Colin Raffel , Rameswar Panda

With the widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs), many deep learning practitioners are looking for strategies of running these models more efficiently. One such strategy is to use sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) - a type of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-12-29 Artyom Eliseev , Denis Mazur

Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture has become the standard for state-of-the-art large language models, owing to its computational efficiency through sparse expert activation. However, sparsity through finer expert granularity is becoming…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Jongseok Park , Sunga Kim , Zhenyu Gu , Ion Stoica , Alvin Cheung

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable results. However, existing models are expensive to train and deploy, and it is also difficult to expand their knowledge beyond pre-training data without forgetting previous knowledge.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-09-13 Yikang Shen , Zheyu Zhang , Tianyou Cao , Shawn Tan , Zhenfang Chen , Chuang Gan

Modern large-scale Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) have achieved tremendous success on a wide range of downstream tasks. However, most of the LM pre-training objectives only focus on text reconstruction, but have not sought to learn…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-10-28 Liliang Ren , Zixuan Zhang , Han Wang , Clare R. Voss , Chengxiang Zhai , Heng Ji

Mixture-of-Experts based large language models (MoE LLMs) have shown significant promise in multitask adaptability by dynamically routing inputs to specialized experts. Despite their success, the collaborative mechanisms among experts are…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-18 Yuanbo Tang , Yan Tang , Naifan Zhang , Meixuan Chen , Yang Li

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have become standard in large language models, yet many of their core design choices - expert count, granularity, shared experts, load balancing, token dropping - have only been studied one or two at a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-13 Margaret Li , Sneha Kudugunta , Danielle Rothermel , Luke Zettlemoyer