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Existing vector quantization (VQ) based autoregressive models follow a two-stage generation paradigm that first learns a codebook to encode images as discrete codes, and then completes generation based on the learned codebook. However, they…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-05-22 Mengqi Huang , Zhendong Mao , Zhuowei Chen , Yongdong Zhang

Video tokenizers are essential for latent video diffusion models, converting raw video data into spatiotemporally compressed latent spaces for efficient training. However, extending state-of-the-art video tokenizers to achieve a temporal…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-08-05 Aniruddha Mahapatra , Long Mai , David Bourgin , Yitian Zhang , Feng Liu

Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) are powerful generative models capable of learning compact latent representations. However, conventional VAEs often generate relatively blurry images due to their assumption of an isotropic Gaussian latent…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-04-21 Andrew Kiruluta

Image tokenizers map images to sequences of discrete tokens, and are a crucial component of autoregressive transformer-based image generation. The tokens are typically associated with spatial locations in the input image, arranged in raster…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-06-12 Carlos Esteves , Mohammed Suhail , Ameesh Makadia

Recent video generation models largely rely on video autoencoders that compress pixel-space videos into latent representations. However, existing video autoencoders suffer from three major limitations: (1) fixed-rate compression that wastes…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-02-05 Yao Teng , Minxuan Lin , Xian Liu , Shuai Wang , Xiao Yang , Xihui Liu

Visual Autoregressive (VAR) modeling inefficiently applies a fixed computational depth to each position when generating high-resolution images. While existing methods accelerate inference by pruning tokens using frequency maps, their binary…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Chunliang Li , Tianze Cao , Sanyuan Zhao

Image tokenization plays a critical role in reducing the computational demands of modeling high-resolution images, significantly improving the efficiency of image and multimodal understanding and generation. Recent advances in 1D latent…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-06-27 Ze Wang , Hao Chen , Benran Hu , Jiang Liu , Ximeng Sun , Jialian Wu , Yusheng Su , Xiaodong Yu , Emad Barsoum , Zicheng Liu

Visual autoregressive (AR) generation offers a promising path toward unifying vision and language models, yet its performance remains suboptimal against diffusion models. Prior work often attributes this gap to tokenizer limitations and…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Qiyuan He , Yicong Li , Haotian Ye , Jinghao Wang , Xinyao Liao , Pheng-Ann Heng , Stefano Ermon , James Zou , Angela Yao

The high dimensionality of images presents architecture and sampling-efficiency challenges for likelihood-based generative models. Previous approaches such as VQ-VAE use deep autoencoders to obtain compact representations, which are more…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-03-08 Charlie Nash , Jacob Menick , Sander Dieleman , Peter W. Battaglia

Unlike 2D raster images, there is no single dominant representation for 3D visual data processing. Different formats like point clouds, meshes, or implicit functions each have their strengths and weaknesses. Still, grid representations such…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-10-06 Mikhail Usvyatsov , Rafael Ballester-Rippoll , Lina Bashaeva , Konrad Schindler , Gonzalo Ferrer , Ivan Oseledets

Image tokenizers play a critical role in shaping the performance of subsequent generative models. Since the introduction of VQ-GAN, discrete image tokenization has undergone remarkable advancements. Improvements in architecture,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-12-03 Xiang Li , Kai Qiu , Hao Chen , Jason Kuen , Jiuxiang Gu , Jindong Wang , Zhe Lin , Bhiksha Raj

Learning compact and meaningful latent space representations has been shown to be very useful in generative modeling tasks for visual data. One particular example is applying Vector Quantization (VQ) in variational autoencoders (VQ-VAEs,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-09-18 Xin Li , Anand Sarwate

Visual tokenizers map high-dimensional raw pixels into a compressed representation for downstream modeling. Beyond compression, tokenizers dictate what information is preserved and how it is organized. A de facto standard approach to video…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-15 Andrei Atanov , Jesse Allardice , Roman Bachmann , Oğuzhan Fatih Kar , R Devon Hjelm , David Griffiths , Peter Fu , Afshin Dehghan , Amir Zamir

Current image generation methods are based on a two-stage training approach. In stage 1, an auto-encoder is trained to compress an image into a latent space; in stage 2, a generative model is trained to learn a distribution over that latent…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-12-12 Vivek Ramanujan , Kushal Tirumala , Armen Aghajanyan , Luke Zettlemoyer , Ali Farhadi

Current 3D tokenizers largely treat representation as spatial compression: compact codes reconstruct surface geometry, but leave component ownership and attachment validity implicit. In open-world assets with intersecting components, noisy…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Xiang Chen , Alexander Binder

Current vision systems typically assign fixed-length representations to images, regardless of the information content. This contrasts with human intelligence - and even large language models - which allocate varying representational…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-11-05 Shivam Duggal , Phillip Isola , Antonio Torralba , William T. Freeman

Discrete diffusion models have recently shown great promise for modeling complex discrete data, with masked diffusion models (MDMs) offering a compelling trade-off between quality and generation speed. MDMs denoise by progressively…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-15 Tianyu Xie , Shuchen Xue , Zijin Feng , Tianyang Hu , Jiacheng Sun , Zhenguo Li , Cheng Zhang

We present a novel compression framework for 3D Gaussian splatting (3DGS) data that leverages transform coding tools originally developed for point clouds. Contrary to existing 3DGS compression methods, our approach can produce compressed…

图像与视频处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-06-03 Chenjunjie Wang , Shashank N. Sridhara , Eduardo Pavez , Antonio Ortega , Cheng Chang

Vision Transformer (ViT) is emerging as the state-of-the-art architecture for image recognition. While recent studies suggest that ViTs are more robust than their convolutional counterparts, our experiments find that ViTs trained on…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-04-05 Chengzhi Mao , Lu Jiang , Mostafa Dehghani , Carl Vondrick , Rahul Sukthankar , Irfan Essa

Latent generative models have shown remarkable progress in high-fidelity image synthesis, typically using a two-stage training process that involves compressing images into latent embeddings via learned tokenizers in the first stage. The…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-09-12 Tejaswini Medi , Hsien-Yi Wang , Arianna Rampini , Margret Keuper