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In-context learning (ICL) enables efficient few-shot learning in large language models (LLMs) without training, but suffers from the quadratic input complexity of transformers, limiting the maximum number of exemplars. While various…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-10 Shaoyi Zheng , Canyu Zhang , Tianyi Zhou , Shengjie Wang

In-context learning (ICL) is an important paradigm for adapting large language models (LLMs) to new tasks, but the generalization behavior of ICL remains poorly understood. We investigate the inductive biases of ICL from the perspective of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-05-23 Chenglei Si , Dan Friedman , Nitish Joshi , Shi Feng , Danqi Chen , He He

Large language models (LLMs) can perform a new task by merely conditioning on task instructions and a few input-output examples, without optimizing any parameters. This is called In-Context Learning (ICL). In-context Information Extraction…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-14 Chaoxu Pang , Yixuan Cao , Qiang Ding , Ping Luo

In-context Learning (ICL) has achieved notable success in the applications of large language models (LLMs). By adding only a few input-output pairs that demonstrate a new task, the LLM can efficiently learn the task during inference without…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-09-10 Zeming Wei , Yihao Zhang , Meng Sun

Large language models (LLMs) with in-context learning have demonstrated impressive generalization capabilities in the cross-domain text-to-SQL task, without the use of in-domain annotations. However, incorporating in-domain demonstration…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-11 Shuaichen Chang , Eric Fosler-Lussier

The performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) on natural language tasks can be improved through both supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and in-context learning (ICL), which operate via distinct mechanisms. Supervised fine-tuning updates the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-21 Saahith Janapati , Yangfeng Ji

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable in-context learning (ICL) capabilities. However, the underlying working mechanism of ICL remains poorly understood. Recent research presents two conflicting views on ICL: One emphasizes the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-10 Anhao Zhao , Fanghua Ye , Jinlan Fu , Xiaoyu Shen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable success in various tasks, yet their safety and the risk of generating harmful content remain pressing concerns. In this paper, we delve into the potential of In-Context Learning (ICL) to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-28 Zeming Wei , Yifei Wang , Ang Li , Yichuan Mo , Yisen Wang

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have enabled in-context learning (ICL)-based methods that significantly outperform fine-tuning approaches for text-to-SQL tasks. However, their performance is still considerably lower than…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-14 Dongjun Lee , Choongwon Park , Jaehyuk Kim , Heesoo Park

Large language models (LLMs) can adapt to new tasks via in-context learning (ICL) without parameter updates, making them powerful learning engines for fast adaptation. While extensive research has examined ICL as a few-shot learner, whether…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Liuwang Kang , Fan Wang , Shaoshan Liu , Hung-Chyun Chou , Chuan Lin , Ning Ding

As a fundamental and extensively studied task in computer vision, image segmentation aims to locate and identify different semantic concepts at the pixel level. Recently, inspired by In-Context Learning (ICL), several generalist…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-07-16 Wei Suo , Lanqing Lai , Mengyang Sun , Hanwang Zhang , Peng Wang , Yanning Zhang

The remarkable advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced the performance in few-shot learning settings. By using only a small number of labeled examples, referred to as demonstrations, LLMs can effectively…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-23 Katerina Margatina , Timo Schick , Nikolaos Aletras , Jane Dwivedi-Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have proven effective at In-Context Learning (ICL), an ability that allows them to create predictors from labeled examples. Few studies have explored the interplay between ICL and specific properties of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-11-23 David Oniani , Yanshan Wang

In-context learning (ICL) performance depends critically on which demonstrations are placed in the prompt, yet most existing selectors prioritize heuristic notions of relevance or diversity and provide limited insight into the coverage of a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-15 Jiayi Xin , Xiang Li , Evan Qiang , Weiqing He , Tianqi Shang , Weijie J. Su , Qi Long

In-context learning (ICL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for task adaptation in large language models (LLMs), where models infer underlying task structures from a few demonstrations. However, ICL remains susceptible to biases that arise…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-18 Zhihang Tan , Jingrui Hou , Ping Wang , Qibiao Hu , Peng Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved significant advancements, but the increasing complexity of tasks and higher performance demands highlight the need for continuous improvement. Some approaches utilize synthetic data generated by…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-06-23 Haokun Zhao , Jinyi Han , Jiaqing Liang , Yanghua Xiao , Xiaojun Meng , Jiansheng Wei

Demonstration selection is a practical bottleneck in in-context learning (ICL): under a tight prompt budget, accuracy can change substantially depending on which few-shot examples are included, yet selection must remain cheap enough to run…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-13 Xubin Wang , Weijia Jia

In-context Learning (ICL) empowers large language models (LLMs) to swiftly adapt to unseen tasks at inference-time by prefixing a few demonstration examples before queries. Despite its versatility, ICL incurs substantial computational and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-26 Zhuowei Li , Zihao Xu , Ligong Han , Yunhe Gao , Song Wen , Di Liu , Hao Wang , Dimitris N. Metaxas

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in complex tasks like machine translation, commonsense reasoning, and language understanding. One of the primary reasons for the adaptability of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-12 Nicholas Kroeger , Dan Ley , Satyapriya Krishna , Chirag Agarwal , Himabindu Lakkaraju

We formalize a new concept for LLMs, context-enhanced learning. It involves standard gradient-based learning on text except that the context is enhanced with additional data on which no auto-regressive gradients are computed. This setting…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-06 Xingyu Zhu , Abhishek Panigrahi , Sanjeev Arora