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相关论文: Your Semantic-Independent Watermark is Fragile: A …

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Benefiting from the superior capabilities of large language models in natural language understanding and generation, Embeddings-as-a-Service (EaaS) has emerged as a successful commercial paradigm on the web platform. However, prior studies…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-12-19 Hao Li , Yubing Ren , Yanan Cao , Yingjie Li , Fang Fang , Xuebin Wang

Embeddings as a Service (EaaS) is emerging as a crucial role in AI applications. Unfortunately, EaaS is vulnerable to model extraction attacks, highlighting the urgent need for copyright protection. Although some preliminary works propose…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-22 Zongqi Wang , Baoyuan Wu , Jingyuan Deng , Yujiu Yang

Embeddings-as-a-Service (EaaS) is a service offered by large language model (LLM) developers to supply embeddings generated by LLMs. Previous research suggests that EaaS is prone to imitation attacks -- attacks that clone the underlying…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-03 Anudeex Shetty , Qiongkai Xu , Jey Han Lau

Embedding as a Service (EaaS) has become a widely adopted solution, which offers feature extraction capabilities for addressing various downstream tasks in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Prior studies have shown that EaaS can be prone…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-06-11 Anudeex Shetty , Yue Teng , Ke He , Qiongkai Xu

Embedding-as-a-Service (EaaS) is an effective and convenient deployment solution for addressing various NLP tasks. Nevertheless, recent research has shown that EaaS is vulnerable to model extraction attacks, which could lead to significant…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-18 Shufan Yang , Zifeng Cheng , Zhiwei Jiang , Yafeng Yin , Cong Wang , Shiping Ge , Yuchen Fu , Qing Gu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in natural language understanding and generation. Based on these LLMs, businesses have started to provide Embeddings-as-a-Service (EaaS), offering feature extraction…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-04 Anudeex Shetty

Watermarking for large language models (LLMs) is a promising approach for detecting LLM-generated text and enabling responsible deployment. However, existing watermarking methods are often vulnerable to semantic-invariant attacks, such as…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Zhenxin Ai , Haiyun He

Embedding-as-a-Service (EaaS) has become an important semantic infrastructure for natural language and multimedia applications, but it is highly vulnerable to model stealing and copyright infringement. Existing EaaS watermarking methods…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Zhimin Chen , Xiaojie Liang , Wenbo Xu , Yuxuan Liu , Wei Lu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated powerful capabilities in both text understanding and generation. Companies have begun to offer Embedding as a Service (EaaS) based on these LLMs, which can benefit various natural language…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-06-05 Wenjun Peng , Jingwei Yi , Fangzhao Wu , Shangxi Wu , Bin Zhu , Lingjuan Lyu , Binxing Jiao , Tong Xu , Guangzhong Sun , Xing Xie

Feature embedding has become a cornerstone technology for processing high-dimensional and complex data, which results in that Embedding as a Service (EaaS) models have been widely deployed in the cloud. To protect the intellectual property…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-01 Hongjie Zhang , Zhiqi Zhao , Hanzhou Wu , Zhihua Xia , Athanasios V. Vasilakos

Recent advances in vision-language pre-trained models (VLPs) have significantly increased visual understanding and cross-modal analysis capabilities. Companies have emerged to provide multi-modal Embedding as a Service (EaaS) based on VLPs…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-11-13 Yuanmin Tang , Jing Yu , Keke Gai , Xiangyan Qu , Yue Hu , Gang Xiong , Qi Wu

In this paper, a new approach to Spread Spectrum (SS) watermarking technique is introduced. This problem is particularly interesting in the field of modern multimedia applications like internet when copyright protection of digital image is…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2012-07-12 T. S. Das , V. H. Mankar , S. K. Sarkar

The rise of generative neural networks has triggered an increased demand for intellectual property (IP) protection in generated content. Deep watermarking techniques, recognized for their flexibility in IP protection, have garnered…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-02-27 Biqing Qi , Junqi Gao , Yiang Luo , Jianxing Liu , Ligang Wu , Bowen Zhou

Protecting the copyright of user-generated AI images is an emerging challenge as AIGC becomes pervasive in creative workflows. Existing watermarking methods (1) remain vulnerable to real-world adversarial threats, often forced to trade off…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-13 Qingyu Liu , Yitao Zhang , Zhongjie Ba , Chao Shuai , Peng Cheng , Tianhang Zheng , Zhibo Wang

Text watermarking aims to subtly embed statistical signals into text by controlling the Large Language Model (LLM)'s sampling process, enabling watermark detectors to verify that the output was generated by the specified model. The…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-13 Yixin Cheng , Hongcheng Guo , Yangming Li , Leonid Sigal

With the rapid evolution of deepfake technologies and the wide dissemination of digital media, personal privacy is facing increasingly serious security threats. Deepfake proactive forensics, which involves embedding imperceptible watermarks…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-27 Lixin Jia , Haiyang Sun , Zhiqing Guo , Yunfeng Diao , Dan Ma , Gaobo Yang

Watermarking provides a critical safeguard for large language model (LLM) services by facilitating the detection of LLM-generated text. Correspondingly, stealing watermark algorithms (SWAs) derive watermark information from watermarked…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Shuhao Zhang , Yuli Chen , Jiale Han , Bo Cheng , Jiabao Ma

Whereas the embedding distortion, the payload and the robustness of digital watermarking schemes are well understood, the notion of security is still not completely well defined. The approach proposed in the last five years is too…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2012-02-17 Patrick Bas , Teddy Furon

Generative models have rapidly evolved to generate realistic outputs. However, their synthetic outputs increasingly challenge the clear distinction between natural and AI-generated content, necessitating robust watermarking techniques.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-20 Kasra Arabi , R. Teal Witter , Chinmay Hegde , Niv Cohen

As AI advances, copyrighted content faces growing risk of unauthorized use, whether through model training or direct misuse. Building upon invisible adversarial perturbation, recent works developed copyright protections against specific AI…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-04 Tianci Liu , Tong Yang , Quan Zhang , Qi Lei
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