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Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in solving complex problems by generating structured, step-by-step reasoning content. However, exposing a model's internal reasoning process introduces additional…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-20 Zheng Lin , Zhenxing Niu , Haoxuan Ji , Yuzhe Huang , Haichang Gao

Large Language Models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to multi-turn jailbreak attacks. We introduce HarmNet, a modular framework comprising ThoughtNet, a hierarchical semantic network; a feedback-driven Simulator for iterative query refinement;…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-22 Sidhant Narula , Javad Rafiei Asl , Mohammad Ghasemigol , Eduardo Blanco , Daniel Takabi

As large language models (LLMs) grow more powerful, ensuring their safety against misuse becomes crucial. While researchers have focused on developing robust defenses, no method has yet achieved complete invulnerability to attacks. We…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-13 Alwin Peng , Julian Michael , Henry Sleight , Ethan Perez , Mrinank Sharma

The inherent risk of generating harmful and unsafe content by Large Language Models (LLMs), has highlighted the need for their safety alignment. Various techniques like supervised fine-tuning, reinforcement learning from human feedback, and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-04 Kalyan Nakka , Nitesh Saxena

Caution: This paper includes offensive words that could potentially cause unpleasantness. Language models (LMs) are vulnerable to exploitation for adversarial misuse. Training LMs for safety alignment is extensive and makes it hard to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-28 Heegyu Kim , Sehyun Yuk , Hyunsouk Cho

Large language models (LLMs) can often be made to behave in undesirable ways that they are explicitly fine-tuned not to. For example, the LLM red-teaming literature has produced a wide variety of 'jailbreaking' techniques to elicit harmful…

Automated red-teaming has become a crucial approach for uncovering vulnerabilities in large language models (LLMs). However, most existing methods focus on isolated safety flaws, limiting their ability to adapt to dynamic defenses and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-01-06 Yanjiang Liu , Shuhen Zhou , Yaojie Lu , Huijia Zhu , Weiqiang Wang , Hongyu Lin , Ben He , Xianpei Han , Le Sun

Jailbreaking attacks can effectively induce unsafe behaviors in Large Language Models (LLMs); however, the transferability of these attacks across different models remains limited. This study aims to understand and enhance the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-05 Junxiao Yang , Zhexin Zhang , Shiyao Cui , Hongning Wang , Minlie Huang

The open-endedness of large language models (LLMs) combined with their impressive capabilities may lead to new safety issues when being exploited for malicious use. While recent studies primarily focus on probing toxic outputs that can be…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-30 Jiaxin Wen , Pei Ke , Hao Sun , Zhexin Zhang , Chengfei Li , Jinfeng Bai , Minlie Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in various domains but remain vulnerable to adversarial jailbreak attacks. Existing prompt-defense strategies, including parameter-modifying and parameter-free approaches, face…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-02-20 Ziyi Ni , Hao Wang , Huacan Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely deployed in diverse real-world settings, yet remain vulnerable to jailbreaking, where prompt-based attacks bypass safety filters. We present THREAT (Targeted Harmful generation via Reframing and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-22 Shahnewaz Karim Sakib , Swati Kar , Anindya Bijoy Das

We study a new vulnerability in commercial-scale safety-aligned large language models (LLMs): their refusal to generate harmful responses can be broken by flipping only a few bits in model parameters. Our attack jailbreaks billion-parameter…

Modern large language model (LLM) developers typically conduct a safety alignment to prevent an LLM from generating unethical or harmful content. Recent studies have discovered that the safety alignment of LLMs can be bypassed by…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-06-14 Xuan Chen , Yuzhou Nie , Lu Yan , Yunshu Mao , Wenbo Guo , Xiangyu Zhang

As LLMs become more common, non-expert users can pose risks, prompting extensive research into jailbreak attacks. However, most existing black-box jailbreak attacks rely on hand-crafted heuristics or narrow search spaces, which limit…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-21 Zhen Sun , Zongmin Zhang , Deqi Liang , Han Sun , Yule Liu , Yun Shen , Xiangshan Gao , Yilong Yang , Shuai Liu , Yutao Yue , Xinlei He

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown very impressive capabilities in code generation across many programming languages. However, even state-of-the-art LLMs generate programs that contains syntactic errors and fail…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-11-25 David Jiahao Fu , Aryan Gupta , Aaron Councilman , David Grove , Yu-Xiong Wang , Vikram Adve

Jailbreak vulnerabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs) refer to methods that extract malicious content from the model by carefully crafting prompts or suffixes, which has garnered significant attention from the research community.…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-09-13 Lijia Lv , Weigang Zhang , Xuehai Tang , Jie Wen , Feng Liu , Jizhong Han , Songlin Hu

Red-teaming, or identifying prompts that elicit harmful responses, is a critical step in ensuring the safe and responsible deployment of large language models (LLMs). Developing effective protection against many modes of attack prompts…

We address the challenge of generating diverse attack prompts for large language models (LLMs) that elicit harmful behaviors (e.g., insults, sexual content) and are used for safety fine-tuning. Rather than relying on manual prompt…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Taeyoung Yun , Pierre-Luc St-Charles , Jinkyoo Park , Yoshua Bengio , Minsu Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in autonomous systems and public-facing environments, yet they remain susceptible to jailbreak vulnerabilities that may undermine their security and trustworthiness. Adversarial…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-15 David Khachaturov , Robert Mullins

Large Language Models (LLMs) suffer from a range of vulnerabilities that allow malicious users to solicit undesirable responses through manipulation of the input text. These so-called jailbreak prompts are designed to trick the LLM into…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-13 John Hawkins , Aditya Pramar , Rodney Beard , Rohitash Chandra