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Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in child-facing contexts such as education, companionship, creative tools, but their deployment raises safety, privacy, developmental, and security risks. We conduct a systematic…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Junfeng Jiao , Saleh Afroogh , Kevin Chen , Abhejay Murali , David Atkinson , Amit Dhurandhar

With the rapid advancement of AI, software engineering increasingly relies on AI-driven approaches, particularly language models (LMs), to enhance code performance. However, the trustworthiness and reliability of LMs remain significant…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-03-19 Jingzhi Gong

Large language models (LLMs) have exploded in popularity in the past few years and have achieved undeniably impressive results on benchmarks as varied as question answering and text summarization. We provide a simple new prompting strategy…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-12-14 Joshua Albrecht , Ellie Kitanidis , Abraham J. Fetterman

Large Language Models (LLMs) are acquiring a wider range of capabilities, including understanding and responding in multiple languages. While they undergo safety training to prevent them from answering illegal questions, imbalances in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-18 Likai Tang , Niruth Bogahawatta , Yasod Ginige , Jiarui Xu , Shixuan Sun , Surangika Ranathunga , Suranga Seneviratne

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly employed for simulating human behaviors across diverse domains. However, our position is that current LLM-based human simulations remain insufficiently reliable, as evidenced by significant…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-02 Qian Wang , Jiaying Wu , Zichen Jiang , Zhenheng Tang , Bingqiao Luo , Nuo Chen , Wei Chen , Bingsheng He

Safety aligned Large Language Models (LLMs) are vulnerable to harmful fine-tuning attacks -- a few harmful data mixed in the fine-tuning dataset can break the LLMs's safety alignment. While several defenses have been proposed, our…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-08 Tiansheng Huang , Gautam Bhattacharya , Pratik Joshi , Josh Kimball , Ling Liu

We describe our early efforts to red team language models in order to simultaneously discover, measure, and attempt to reduce their potentially harmful outputs. We make three main contributions. First, we investigate scaling behaviors for…

Following road safety norms is non-negotiable not only for humans but also for the AI systems that govern autonomous vehicles. In this work, we evaluate how well multi-modal large language models (LLMs) understand road safety concepts,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-19 Chalamalasetti Kranti

Large language models (LLMs) are used to generate content for a wide range of tasks, and are set to reach a growing audience in coming years due to integration in product interfaces like ChatGPT or search engines like Bing. This intensifies…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-03-10 Hannah Rose Kirk , Bertie Vidgen , Paul Röttger , Scott A. Hale

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to simulate survey responses, but synthetic data can be misaligned with the human population, leading to unreliable inference. We develop a general framework that converts LLM-simulated…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2026-05-21 Chengpiao Huang , Yuhang Wu , Kaizheng Wang

This paper comprehensively explores the ethical challenges arising from security threats to Large Language Models (LLMs). These intricate digital repositories are increasingly integrated into our daily lives, making them prime targets for…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-07-11 Ashutosh Kumar , Shiv Vignesh Murthy , Sagarika Singh , Swathy Ragupathy

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) to align with user preferences is challenging due to the high cost of quality human annotations in Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) and the generalizability limitations of AI…

Large language model (LLM) systems increasingly power everyday AI applications such as chatbots, computer-use assistants, and autonomous robots, where performance often depends on manually well-crafted prompts. LLM-based prompt optimizers…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-14 Andrew Zhao , Reshmi Ghosh , Vitor Carvalho , Emily Lawton , Keegan Hines , Gao Huang , Jack W. Stokes

Timely and accurate situational reports are essential for humanitarian decision-making, yet current workflows remain largely manual, resource intensive, and inconsistent. We present a fully automated framework that uses large language…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-23 Ivan Decostanzi , Yelena Mejova , Kyriaki Kalimeri

As humans delegate more tasks and decisions to artificial intelligence (AI), we risk losing control of our individual and collective futures. Relatively simple algorithmic systems already steer human decision-making, such as social media…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2025-09-11 Benjamin Sturgeon , Daniel Samuelson , Jacob Haimes , Jacy Reese Anthis

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing scientific research, yet its growing integration into laboratory environments presents critical safety challenges. Large language models (LLMs) and vision language models (VLMs) now assist in…

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) is a vital strategy for enhancing model capability in language models. However, annotating preference data for RLHF is a resource-intensive and creativity-demanding process, while existing…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-02 Taiwei Shi , Kai Chen , Jieyu Zhao

Current Large Language Models (LLMs), even those tuned for safety and alignment, are susceptible to jailbreaking. Some have found that just further fine-tuning an aligned model with benign data (i.e., data without harmful content)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-08-21 Luxi He , Mengzhou Xia , Peter Henderson

In this study, we tackle a growing concern around the safety and ethical use of large language models (LLMs). Despite their potential, these models can be tricked into producing harmful or unethical content through various sophisticated…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-19 Somnath Banerjee , Sayan Layek , Rima Hazra , Animesh Mukherjee

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has become an essential step in fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) to align them with human preferences. However, human labelers are selfish and have diverse preferences. They may…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-12-25 Shugang Hao , Lingjie Duan