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As large language models (LLMs) become ubiquitous, parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods and safety-first defenses have proliferated rapidly. However, the number of approaches and their recent increase have resulted in diverse…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-03 Saad Hossain , Samanvay Vajpayee , Sirisha Rambhatla

Despite their success in many natural language tasks, solving math problems remains a significant challenge for large language models (LLMs). A large gap exists between LLMs' pass-at-one and pass-at-N performance in solving math problems,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-17 Yixin Liu , Avi Singh , C. Daniel Freeman , John D. Co-Reyes , Peter J. Liu

Backdoor attacks embed malicious behaviors into Large Language Models (LLMs), enabling adversaries to trigger harmful outputs or bypass safety controls. However, the persistence of the implanted backdoors under user-driven post-deployment…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-12-18 Jing Cui , Yufei Han , Jianbin Jiao , Junge Zhang

Instruction tuning is a pivotal technique for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human intentions, safety constraints, and domain-specific requirements. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of the full pipeline,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-20 Xudong Han , Junjie Yang , Tianyang Wang , Ziqian Bi , Xinyuan Song , Junfeng Hao , Junhao Song

Black-box finetuning is an emerging interface for adapting state-of-the-art language models to user needs. However, such access may also let malicious actors undermine model safety. To demonstrate the challenge of defending finetuning…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-07-01 Danny Halawi , Alexander Wei , Eric Wallace , Tony T. Wang , Nika Haghtalab , Jacob Steinhardt

As Large Language Models (LLMs) gain traction across critical domains, ensuring secure and trustworthy training processes has become a major concern. Backdoor attacks, where malicious actors inject hidden triggers into training data, are…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-20 Issam Seddik , Sami Souihi , Mohamed Tamaazousti , Sara Tucci Piergiovanni

It is commonplace to produce application-specific models by fine-tuning large pre-trained models using a small bespoke dataset. The widespread availability of foundation model checkpoints on the web poses considerable risks, including the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-04-02 Yuxin Wen , Leo Marchyok , Sanghyun Hong , Jonas Geiping , Tom Goldstein , Nicholas Carlini

Context: In the fast-paced evolution of software development, Large Language Models (LLMs) have become indispensable tools for tasks such as code generation, completion, analysis, and bug fixing. Ensuring the robustness of these models…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-02-13 Yang Liu , Armstrong Foundjem , Xingfang Wu , Heng Li , Foutse Khomh

As demonstrated by the proprietary Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT and Claude series, LLMs have the potential to achieve remarkable proficiency across a wide range of domains, including law, medicine, finance, science, code, etc.,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-20 Keer Lu , Keshi Zhao , Zhuoran Zhang , Zheng Liang , Da Pan , Shusen Zhang , Xin Wu , Guosheng Dong , Bin Cui , Tengjiao Wang , Wentao Zhang

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) is crucial for adapting them to specific tasks, yet it remains computationally demanding and raises concerns about correctness and privacy, particularly in untrusted environments. Although…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-12-03 Guofu Liao , Taotao Wang , Shengli Zhang , Jiqun Zhang , Shi Long , Dacheng Tao

Backdoor data poisoning, inserted within instruction examples used to fine-tune a foundation Large Language Model (LLM) for downstream tasks (\textit{e.g.,} sentiment prediction), is a serious security concern due to the evasive nature of…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-08-23 Jayaram Raghuram , George Kesidis , David J. Miller

With the rise of large language models, service providers offer language models as a service, enabling users to fine-tune customized models via uploaded private datasets. However, this raises concerns about sensitive data leakage. Prior…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-22 Yi Liu , Weixiang Han , Chengjun Cai , Xingliang Yuan , Cong Wang

Current vision large language models (VLLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities yet are prone to generate harmful content and are vulnerable to even the simplest jailbreaking attacks. Our initial analysis finds that this is due to the presence…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-19 Yongshuo Zong , Ondrej Bohdal , Tingyang Yu , Yongxin Yang , Timothy Hospedales

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have become foundational to modern embodied AI systems. By integrating visual perception, language understanding, and action planning, they enable general-purpose task execution across diverse…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Jianyi Zhou , Yujie Wei , Ruichen Zhen , Bo Zhao , Xiaobo Xia , Rui Shao , Xiu Su , Shuo Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exploded a new heatwave of AI for their ability to engage end-users in human-level conversations with detailed and articulate answers across many knowledge domains. In response to their fast adoption in…

Fine-tuning unlocks large language models (LLMs) for specialized applications, but its high computational cost often puts it out of reach for resource-constrained organizations. While cloud platforms could provide the needed resources, data…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Zihan Liu , Yizhen Wang , Rui Wang , Xiu Tang , Sai Wu

Post-training alignment is central to deploying large language models (LLMs), yet practical workflows remain split across backend-specific tools and ad-hoc glue code, making experiments hard to reproduce. We identify backend interference,…

Recent trends in Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) research have been increasingly focusing on advancing beyond general image understanding towards more nuanced, object-level referential comprehension. In this paper, we present and delve…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-03-21 Tongtian Yue , Jie Cheng , Longteng Guo , Xingyuan Dai , Zijia Zhao , Xingjian He , Gang Xiong , Yisheng Lv , Jing Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have the unique capability to understand and generate human-like text from input queries. When fine-tuned, these models show enhanced performance on domain-specific queries. OpenAI highlights the process of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-02 Scott Barnett , Zac Brannelly , Stefanus Kurniawan , Sheng Wong

The significant increase in software production, driven by the acceleration of development cycles over the past two decades, has led to a steady rise in software vulnerabilities, as shown by statistics published yearly by the CVE program.…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-12-11 Dyna Soumhane Ouchebara , Stéphane Dupont