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A major challenge in real-world reinforcement learning (RL) is the sparsity of reward feedback. Often, what is available is an intuitive but sparse reward function that only indicates whether the task is completed partially or fully.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-02-15 Desik Rengarajan , Gargi Vaidya , Akshay Sarvesh , Dileep Kalathil , Srinivas Shakkottai

Offline reinforcement learning requires reconciling two conflicting aims: learning a policy that improves over the behavior policy that collected the dataset, while at the same time minimizing the deviation from the behavior policy so as to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-10-13 Ilya Kostrikov , Ashvin Nair , Sergey Levine

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) allows us to train models, such as language models (LMs), to follow complex human preferences. In RLHF for LMs, we first train an LM using supervised fine-tuning, sample pairs of responses,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-22 Johannes Ackermann , Takashi Ishida , Masashi Sugiyama

Reinforcement learning (RL) has the potential to transform real-world decision-making systems by enabling autonomous agents to learn from experience. Deploying RL in real-world settings, especially in the context of human-robot interaction,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-04 Saurav Singh , Rodney Sanchez , Alexander Ororbia , Jamison Heard

Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) aims to turn large datasets into powerful decision-making engines without any online interactions with the environment. This great promise has motivated a large amount of research that hopes to replicate…

Probabilistic learning to rank (LTR) has been the dominating approach for optimizing the ranking metric, but cannot maximize long-term rewards. Reinforcement learning models have been proposed to maximize user long-term rewards by…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-01-18 Teng Xiao , Suhang Wang

Most deep reinforcement learning (RL) systems are not able to learn effectively from off-policy data, especially if they cannot explore online in the environment. These are critical shortcomings for applying RL to real-world problems where…

Conveying complex objectives to reinforcement learning (RL) agents can often be difficult, involving meticulous design of reward functions that are sufficiently informative yet easy enough to provide. Human-in-the-loop RL methods allow…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-06-10 Kimin Lee , Laura Smith , Pieter Abbeel

Reinforcement learning is a promising framework for solving control problems, but its use in practical situations is hampered by the fact that reward functions are often difficult to engineer. Specifying goals and tasks for autonomous…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-02-22 Justin Fu , Anoop Korattikara , Sergey Levine , Sergio Guadarrama

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) looks at learning how to optimally solve tasks using a fixed dataset of interactions from the environment. Many off-policy algorithms developed for online learning struggle in the offline setting as they…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-18 Natinael Solomon Neggatu , Jeremie Houssineau , Giovanni Montana

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to learn an optimal policy from pre-collected data. However, it faces challenges of distributional shift, where the learned policy may encounter unseen scenarios not covered in the offline data.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Jin Zhu , Xin Zhou , Jiaang Yao , Gholamali Aminian , Omar Rivasplata , Simon Little , Lexin Li , Chengchun Shi

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) shows promise of applying RL to real-world problems by effectively utilizing previously collected data. Most existing offline RL algorithms use regularization or constraints to suppress extrapolation…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-10-20 Xiaoteng Ma , Yiqin Yang , Hao Hu , Qihan Liu , Jun Yang , Chongjie Zhang , Qianchuan Zhao , Bin Liang

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) allows for the training of competent agents from offline datasets without any interaction with the environment. Online finetuning of such offline models can further improve performance. But how should we…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-03-31 Yicheng Luo , Jackie Kay , Edward Grefenstette , Marc Peter Deisenroth

Designing reward functions for continuous-control robotics often leads to subtle misalignments or reward hacking, especially in complex tasks. Preference-based RL mitigates some of these pitfalls by learning rewards from comparative…

Reinforcement learning algorithms typically utilize an interactive simulator (i.e., environment) with a predefined reward function for policy training. Developing such simulators and manually defining reward functions, however, is often…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-26 Woo-Jin Ahn , Sang-Ryul Baek , Yong-Jun Lee , Hyun-Duck Choi , Myo-Taeg Lim

In offline reinforcement learning (RL) agents are trained using a logged dataset. It appears to be the most natural route to attack real-life applications because in domains such as healthcare and robotics interactions with the environment…

Effective leveraging of real-world driving datasets is crucial for enhancing the training of autonomous driving systems. While Offline Reinforcement Learning enables training autonomous vehicles with such data, most available datasets lack…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Vinal Asodia , Barkin Dagda , Yinglong He , Zhenhua Feng , Saber Fallah

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is notoriously data-inefficient, which makes training on a real robot difficult. While model-based RL algorithms (world models) improve data-efficiency to some extent, they still require hours or days of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-25 Yunhai Feng , Nicklas Hansen , Ziyan Xiong , Chandramouli Rajagopalan , Xiaolong Wang

Applying reinforcement learning (RL) to real-world problems is often made challenging by the inability to interact with the environment and the difficulty of designing reward functions. Offline RL addresses the first challenge by…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-03 Alizée Pace , Bernhard Schölkopf , Gunnar Rätsch , Giorgia Ramponi

Offline Safe Reinforcement Learning (RL) seeks to address safety constraints by learning from static datasets and restricting exploration. However, these approaches heavily rely on the dataset and struggle to generalize to unseen scenarios…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2025-03-04 Chenyang Cao , Yucheng Xin , Silang Wu , Longxiang He , Zichen Yan , Junbo Tan , Xueqian Wang