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The emergence of large language model (LLM)-based agents has significantly advanced the development of autonomous machine learning (ML) engineering. However, the dominant prompt-based paradigm exhibits limitations: smaller models lack the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-04 Zexi Liu , Jingyi Chai , Xinyu Zhu , Shuo Tang , Rui Ye , Bo Zhang , Lei Bai , Siheng Chen

The development of autonomous web agents, powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) and reinforcement learning (RL), represents a significant step towards general-purpose AI assistants. However, training these agents is severely hampered by…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Hang Ding , Peidong Liu , Junqiao Wang , Ziwei Ji , Meng Cao , Rongzhao Zhang , Lynn Ai , Eric Yang , Tianyu Shi , Lei Yu

While reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated remarkable success in enhancing large language models (LLMs), it has primarily focused on single-turn tasks such as solving math problems. Training effective web agents for multi-turn…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-10 Zhepei Wei , Wenlin Yao , Yao Liu , Weizhi Zhang , Qin Lu , Liang Qiu , Changlong Yu , Puyang Xu , Chao Zhang , Bing Yin , Hyokun Yun , Lihong Li

Training models to act as agents that can effectively navigate and perform actions in a complex environment, such as a web browser, has typically been challenging due to lack of training data. Large language models (LLMs) have recently…

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have sparked growing interest in building generalist agents that can learn through online interactions. However, applying reinforcement learning (RL) to train LLM agents in multi-turn,…

Recent studies have uncovered the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) in addressing complex sequential decision-making tasks through the provision of high-level instructions. However, LLM-based agents lack specialization in tackling…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-05-28 Zihao Zhou , Bin Hu , Chenyang Zhao , Pu Zhang , Bin Liu

This study introduces an innovative framework that employs large language models (LLMs) to automate the design and generation of curricula for reinforcement learning (RL). As mobile networks evolve towards the 6G era, managing their…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-31 Omar Erak , Omar Alhussein , Shimaa Naser , Nouf Alabbasi , De Mi , Sami Muhaidat

Large language models (LLMs) have fueled many intelligent web agents, but most existing ones perform far from satisfying in real-world web navigation tasks due to three factors: (1) the complexity of HTML text data (2) versatility of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-15 Hanyu Lai , Xiao Liu , Iat Long Iong , Shuntian Yao , Yuxuan Chen , Pengbo Shen , Hao Yu , Hanchen Zhang , Xiaohan Zhang , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang

Agent self-improvement, where the backbone Large Language Model (LLM) of the agent are trained on trajectories sampled autonomously based on their own policies, has emerged as a promising approach for enhancing performance. Recent…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-22 Tianqing Fang , Hongming Zhang , Zhisong Zhang , Kaixin Ma , Wenhao Yu , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

We investigate the potential of large language models (LLMs) to serve as efficient simulators for agentic search tasks in reinforcement learning (RL), thereby reducing dependence on costly interactions with external search engines. To this…

Large language model (LLM)-based agents have emerged as powerful autonomous controllers for digital environments, including mobile interfaces, operating systems, and web browsers. Web navigation, for example, requires handling dynamic…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-23 Taiyi Wang , Sian Gooding , Florian Hartmann , Oriana Riva , Edward Grefenstette

Large Language Model (LLM) agents have shown stunning results in complex tasks, yet they often operate in isolation, failing to learn from past experiences. Existing memory-based methods primarily store raw trajectories, which are often…

Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated potential in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), but such training typically demands substantial efforts in creating and annotating data. In this work, we…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-06 Hangfan Zhang , Siyuan Xu , Zhimeng Guo , Huaisheng Zhu , Shicheng Liu , Xinrun Wang , Qiaosheng Zhang , Yang Chen , Peng Ye , Lei Bai , Shuyue Hu

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) shows promising potential for autonomous driving decision-making. However, DRL demands extensive computational resources to achieve a qualified policy in complex driving scenarios due to its low learning…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2024-12-25 Hao Pang , Zhenpo Wang , Guoqiang Li

LLM-based web agents have recently made significant progress, but much of it has occurred in closed-source systems, widening the gap with open-source alternatives. Progress has been held back by two key challenges: first, a narrow focus on…

Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms often require long training to become useful, especially in complex environments with sparse rewards. While techniques like reward shaping and curriculum learning exist to accelerate training, these…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-11 Lukas Toral , Teddy Lazebnik

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been shown to improve the capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, applying RL to open-domain tasks faces two key challenges: (1) the inherent subjectivity of these tasks prevents the verifiable…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-26 Weixuan Ou , Yanzhao Zheng , Shuoshuo Sun , Wei Zhang , Baohua Dong , Hangcheng Zhu , Ruohui Huang , Gang Yu , Pengwei Yan , Yifan Qiao

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown great potential for autonomous decision-making in the cybersecurity domain, enabling agents to learn through direct environment interaction. However, RL agents in Autonomous Cyber Operations (ACO)…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-17 Konur Tholl , François Rivest , Mariam El Mezouar , Adrian Taylor , Ranwa Al Mallah

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success through imitation learning on vast text corpora, but this paradigm creates a training-generation gap and limits robust reasoning. Reinforcement learning (RL) offers a more…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-13 Zhepeng Cen , Haolin Chen , Shiyu Wang , Zuxin Liu , Zhiwei Liu , Jielin Qiu , Ding Zhao , Silvio Savarese , Caiming Xiong , Huan Wang , Weiran Yao

Large language models (LLMs) have recently gained much attention in building autonomous agents. However, the performance of current LLM-based web agents in long-horizon tasks is far from optimal, often yielding errors such as repeatedly…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-01 Hyungjoo Chae , Namyoung Kim , Kai Tzu-iunn Ong , Minju Gwak , Gwanwoo Song , Jihoon Kim , Sunghwan Kim , Dongha Lee , Jinyoung Yeo
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