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This work compares the overhead of quantum error correction with concatenated and topological quantum error-correcting codes. To perform a numerical analysis, we use the Quantum Resource Estimator Toolbox (QuRE) that we recently developed.…

We analyze the resource overhead of recently proposed methods for universal fault-tolerant quantum computation using concatenated codes. Namely, we examine the concatenation of the 7-qubit Steane code with the 15-qubit Reed-Muller code,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-06-20 Christopher Chamberland , Tomas Jochym-O'Connor , Raymond Laflamme

As there is no quantum error correction code with universal set of transversal gates, several approaches have been proposed which, in combination of transversal gates, make universal fault-tolerant quantum computation possible. Magic state…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-05-16 Eesa Nikahd , Morteza Saheb Zamani , Mehdi Sedighi

We propose a method for universal fault-tolerant quantum computation using concatenated quantum error correcting codes. Namely, other than computational basis state preparation as required by the DiVincenzo criteria [1], our scheme requires…

量子物理 · 物理学 2014-04-02 Tomas Jochym-O'Connor , Raymond Laflamme

Quantum computing platforms are evolving to a point where placing high numbers of qubits into a single core comes with certain difficulties such as fidelity, crosstalk, and high power consumption of dense classical electronics. Utilizing…

As there is no quantum error correction code with universal set of transversal gates, several approaches have been proposed which, in combination of transversal gates, make universal fault-tolerant quantum computation possible. Magic state…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-09-07 Eesa Nikahd , Morteza Saheb Zamani , Mehdi Sedighi

Quantum computers capable of solving classically intractable problems are under construction, and intermediate-scale devices are approaching completion. Current efforts to design large-scale devices require allocating immense resources to…

Magic states and magic gates are crucial for achieving universal quantum computation, but important questions about how magic resources should be implemented to attain maximal quantum advantage have remained unexplored, especially in the…

Quantum error correction is a cornerstone of reliable quantum computing, with surface codes emerging as a prominent method for protecting quantum information. Surface codes are efficient for Clifford gates but require magic state…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-03-13 Avimita Chatterjee , Archisman Ghosh , Swaroop Ghosh

We propose a novel technique for optimizing a modular fault-tolerant quantum computing architecture, taking into account any desired space-time trade-offs between the number of physical qubits and the fault-tolerant execution time of a…

Concatenating quantum error correction codes scales error correction capability by driving logical error rates down double-exponentially across levels. However, the noise structure shifts under concatenation, making it hard to choose an…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-04-17 Nico Meyer , Christopher Mutschler , Dominik Seuß , Andreas Maier , Daniel D. Scherer

Quantum computers have recently made great strides and are on a long-term path towards useful fault-tolerant computation. A dominant overhead in fault-tolerant quantum computation is the production of high-fidelity encoded qubits, called…

Quantum state preparation is a fundamental primitive in quantum algorithms for encoding classical data into quantum amplitudes. We compare the cost of preparing general $n$-qubit states with real amplitudes using two common paradigms:…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-20 Diyi Liu , Hanyu Wang , Shuchen Zhu , Jason Cong , Wibe A. de Jong , Di Fang , Zhen Huang , Costin Iancu , Chao Yang

A non-Clifford gate is required for universal quantum computation, and, typically, this is the most error-prone and resource intensive logical operation on an error-correcting code. Small, single-qubit rotations are popular choices for this…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-10-05 Ryuji Takagi , Theodore J. Yoder , Isaac L. Chuang

Designing quantum error correcting codes that promise a high error threshold, low resource overhead and efficient decoding algorithms is crucial to achieve large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computation. The concatenated quantum Hamming…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-12 Menglong Fang , Daiqin Su

The standard approach to fault-tolerant quantum computation is to store information in a quantum error correction code, such as the surface code, and process information using a strategy that can be summarized as distill-then-synthesize. In…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-01 Earl T. Campbell , Mark Howard

Using transversal gates is a straightforward and efficient technique for fault-tolerant quantum computing. Since transversal gates alone cannot be computationally universal, they must be combined with other approaches such as magic state…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-10-04 Eesa Nikahd , Mehdi Sedighi , Morteza Saheb Zamani

We present a resource analysis for generating high-fidelity logical magic states on silicon spin-qubit platforms. We consider a range of architectures, including a shuttling-based SpinBus design, a dense nearest-neighbor layout, and a…

Fault-tolerant quantum computation demands significant resources: large numbers of physical qubits must be checked for errors repeatedly to protect quantum data as logic gates are implemented in the presence of noise. We demonstrate that an…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-12-23 Felix Thomsen , Markus S. Kesselring , Stephen D. Bartlett , Benjamin J. Brown

We present a method of concatenated quantum error correction in which improved classical processing is used with existing quantum codes and fault-tolerant circuits to more reliably correct errors. Rather than correcting each level of a…

量子物理 · 物理学 2012-10-26 Zachary W. E. Evans , Ashley M. Stephens
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