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Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is committed to delineating the classification boundaries between in-distribution (ID) and OOD images. Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable OOD detection…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-17 Zhixia He , Chen Zhao , Minglai Shao , Xintao Wu , Xujiang Zhao , Dong Li , Qin Tian , Linlin Yu

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a critical requirement for reliable autonomous driving, where safety depends on recognizing road obstacles and unexpected objects beyond the training distribution. Despite extensive research on OOD…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-12 Zizhao Li , Zhengkang Xiang , Jiayang Ao , Joseph West , Kourosh Khoshelham

The ability of the deep learning model to recognize when a sample falls outside its learned distribution is critical for safe and reliable deployment. Recent state-of-the-art out-of-distribution (OOD) detection methods leverage activation…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-01-29 Sudarshan Regmi

For real-world language applications, detecting an out-of-distribution (OOD) sample is helpful to alert users or reject such unreliable samples. However, modern over-parameterized language models often produce overconfident predictions for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-07-20 Jaeyoung Kim , Kyuheon Jung , Dongbin Na , Sion Jang , Eunbin Park , Sungchul Choi

Transformers excel in natural language processing and computer vision tasks. However, they still face challenges in generalizing to Out-of-Distribution (OOD) datasets, i.e. data whose distribution differs from that seen during training. OOD…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-30 Yijin Zhou , Yutang Ge , Wenyuan Xie , Linqian Zeng , Xiaowen Dong , Yuguang Wang

Adoption of deep learning in safety-critical systems raise the need for understanding what deep neural networks do not understand after models have been deployed. The behaviour of deep neural networks is undefined for so called…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-08-25 Rickard Sjögren , Johan Trygg

We introduce powerful ideas from Hyperdimensional Computing into the challenging field of Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection. In contrast to most existing work that performs OOD detection based on only a single layer of a neural network,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-08-31 Samuel Wilson , Tobias Fischer , Niko Sünderhauf , Feras Dayoub

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to detect "unknown" data whose labels have not been seen during the in-distribution (ID) training process. Recent progress in representation learning gives rise to distance-based OOD detection that…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-08-22 Ji Zhang , Lianli Gao , Bingguang Hao , Hao Huang , Jingkuan Song , Hengtao Shen

Deep neural networks are known to achieve superior results in classification tasks. However, it has been recently shown that they are incapable to detect examples that are generated by a distribution which is different than the one they…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-12-09 Aristotelis-Angelos Papadopoulos , Nazim Shaikh , Mohammad Reza Rajati

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical for ensuring the reliability of open-world intelligent systems. Despite the notable advancements in existing OOD detection methodologies, our study identifies a significant performance drop…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-02-01 Jiuqing Dong , Yongbin Gao , Heng Zhou , Jun Cen , Yifan Yao , Sook Yoon , Park Dong Sun

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) faces a critical challenge of overestimating the value of out-of-distribution (OOD) actions. Existing methods mitigate this issue by penalizing unseen samples, yet they fail to accurately identify OOD…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Qingjun Wang , Hongtu Zhou , Hang Yu , Junqiao Zhao , Yanping Zhao , Chen Ye , Ziqiao Wang , Guang Chen

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) data is crucial for ensuring the safe deployment of machine learning models in real-world applications. However, existing OOD detection approaches primarily rely on the feature maps or the full gradient…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-08-02 Sima Behpour , Thang Doan , Xin Li , Wenbin He , Liang Gou , Liu Ren

Since the seminal paper of Hendrycks et al. arXiv:1610.02136, Post-hoc deep Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection has expanded rapidly. As a result, practitioners working on safety-critical applications and seeking to improve the robustness…

机器学习 · 统计学 2024-07-11 Paul Novello , Yannick Prudent , Joseba Dalmau , Corentin Friedrich , Yann Pequignot

In the recent years, researchers proposed a number of successful methods to perform out-of-distribution (OOD) detection in deep neural networks (DNNs). So far the scope of the highly accurate methods has been limited to image level…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-04-01 Ertunc Erdil , Krishna Chaitanya , Neerav Karani , Ender Konukoglu

Deep learning has shown to have great potential in medical applications. In critical domains as such, it is of high interest to have trustworthy algorithms which are able to tell when reliable assessments cannot be guaranteed. Detecting…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-03-01 Jennie Karlsson , Marisa Wodrich , Niels Christian Overgaard , Freja Sahlin , Kristina Lång , Anders Heyden , Ida Arvidsson

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for model trustworthiness which aims to sensitively identify semantic OOD samples and robustly generalize for covariate-shifted OOD samples. However, we discover that the superior OOD…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-16 Qingyang Zhang , Qiuxuan Feng , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Yatao Bian , Qinghua Hu , Changqing Zhang

Recent advances in out-of-distribution (OOD) detection on image data show that pre-trained neural network classifiers can separate in-distribution (ID) from OOD data well, leveraging the class-discriminative ability of the model itself.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-29 Maximilian Granz , Manuel Heurich , Tim Landgraf

Discovery of high-performance materials and molecules requires identifying extremes with property values that fall outside the known distribution. Therefore, the ability to extrapolate to out-of-distribution (OOD) property values is…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-11 Nofit Segal , Aviv Netanyahu , Kevin P. Greenman , Pulkit Agrawal , Rafael Gomez-Bombarelli

Trajectory prediction is central to the safe and seamless operation of autonomous vehicles (AVs). In deployment, however, prediction models inevitably face distribution shifts between training data and real-world conditions, where rare or…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-16 Tongfei Guo , Lili Su

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential to improve the reliability of machine learning models by detecting samples that do not belong to the training distribution. Detecting OOD samples effectively in certain tasks can pose a…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-11-02 Divyanshu Mishra , He Zhao , Pramit Saha , Aris T. Papageorghiou , J. Alison Noble