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Deep Neural Networks have created a paradigm shift in our ability to comprehend raw data in various important fields ranging from computer vision and natural language processing to intelligence warfare and healthcare. While DNNs are…

多媒体 · 计算机科学 2019-04-02 Huili Chen , Bita Darvish Rouhani , Farinaz Koushanfar

The widespread use of AI-generated content from diffusion models has raised significant concerns regarding misinformation and copyright infringement. Watermarking is a crucial technique for identifying these AI-generated images and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-13 Wenda Li , Huijie Zhang , Qing Qu

Natural language processing (NLP) technology has shown great commercial value in applications such as sentiment analysis. But NLP models are vulnerable to the threat of pirated redistribution, damaging the economic interests of model…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-11-21 Long Dai , Jiarong Mao , Xuefeng Fan , Xiaoyi Zhou

The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) necessitates reliable methods to detect LLM-generated text. We introduce SimMark, a robust sentence-level watermarking algorithm that makes LLMs' outputs traceable without requiring…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-12 Amirhossein Dabiriaghdam , Lele Wang

Digital watermarks can be embedded into AI-generated content (AIGC) by initializing the generation process with starting points sampled from a secret distribution. When combined with pseudorandom error-correcting codes, such watermarked…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-13 De Zhang Lee , Han Fang , Hanyi Wang , Ee-Chien Chang

The vast amounts of digital content captured from the real world or AI-generated media necessitate methods for copyright protection, traceability, or data provenance verification. Digital watermarking serves as a crucial approach to address…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-10-08 Vitaliy Kinakh , Brian Pulfer , Yury Belousov , Pierre Fernandez , Teddy Furon , Slava Voloshynovskiy

Protecting intellectual property (IP) of text such as articles and code is increasingly important, especially as sophisticated attacks become possible, such as paraphrasing by large language models (LLMs) or even unauthorized training of…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-30 Gregory Kang Ruey Lau , Xinyuan Niu , Hieu Dao , Jiangwei Chen , Chuan-Sheng Foo , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

With the rise of 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS), a variety of digital watermarking techniques, embedding either 1D bitstreams or 2D images, are used for copyright protection. However, the robustness of these watermarking techniques against…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-12 Qingyuan Zeng , Shu Jiang , Jiajing Lin , Zhenzhong Wang , Kay Chen Tan , Min Jiang

Watermarking large language models (LLMs) is vital for preventing their misuse, including the fabrication of fake news, plagiarism, and spam. It is especially important to watermark LLM-generated code, as it often contains intellectual…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-12-18 Li Lin , Siyuan Xin , Yang Cao , Xiaochun Cao

In machine learning, contamination refers to situations where testing data leak into the training set. The issue is particularly relevant for the evaluation of the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs), which are generally trained on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-23 Nicolas Yax , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer , Stefano Palminteri

We present REMARK-LLM, a novel efficient, and robust watermarking framework designed for texts generated by large language models (LLMs). Synthesizing human-like content using LLMs necessitates vast computational resources and extensive…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-04-09 Ruisi Zhang , Shehzeen Samarah Hussain , Paarth Neekhara , Farinaz Koushanfar

Current large language models (LLM) provide a strong foundation for large-scale user-oriented natural language tasks. Many users can easily inject adversarial text or instructions through the user interface, thus causing LLM model security…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-14 Chong Zhang , Mingyu Jin , Dong Shu , Taowen Wang , Dongfang Liu , Xiaobo Jin

Machine learning (ML) models are applied in an increasing variety of domains. The availability of large amounts of data and computational resources encourages the development of ever more complex and valuable models. These models are…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-12-09 Franziska Boenisch

The current work is focusing on the implementation of a robust watermarking algorithm for digital images, which is based on an innovative spread spectrum analysis algorithm for watermark embedding and on a content-based image retrieval…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2009-09-29 Dimitrios K. Tsolis , Spyros Sioutas , Theodore S. Papatheodorou

Large language models (LLMs) have show great ability in various natural language tasks. However, there are concerns that LLMs are possible to be used improperly or even illegally. To prevent the malicious usage of LLMs, detecting…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-04-02 Jie Ren , Han Xu , Yiding Liu , Yingqian Cui , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Jiliang Tang

Large language models (LLMs) can be misused to reveal sensitive information, such as weapon-making instructions or writing malware. LLM providers rely on $\emph{monitoring}$ to detect and flag unsafe behavior during inference. An open…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-01 Toluwani Aremu , Daniil Ognev , Samuele Poppi , Nils Lukas

Watermarking deep neural network (DNN) models has attracted a great deal of attention and interest in recent years because of the increasing demand to protect the intellectual property of DNN models. Many practical algorithms have been…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-01-14 Chaoyue Huang , Hanzhou Wu

Large language models (LLMs) are pre-trained and post-trained on vast amounts of loosely curated data, raising the possibility that these models may have been trained on proprietary datasets or the same benchmarks used for evaluation. This…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Pengrun Huang , Kamalika Chaudhuri , Yu-Xiang Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, but their training requires extensive data and computational resources, rendering them valuable digital assets. Therefore, it is essential to watermark LLMs to protect…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-21 Shuai Li , Kejiang Chen , Jun Jiang , Jie Zhang , Qiyi Yao , Kai Zeng , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu

To protect the intellectual property of well-trained deep neural networks (DNNs), black-box watermarks, which are embedded into the prediction behavior of DNN models on a set of specially-crafted samples and extracted from suspect models…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-09-04 Yifan Lu , Wenxuan Li , Mi Zhang , Xudong Pan , Min Yang