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Watermarking is a principled approach for tracing the provenance of large language model (LLM) outputs, but its deployment in practice is hindered by inference inefficiency. Speculative sampling accelerates inference, with efficiency…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-24 Weiqing He , Xiang Li , Li Shen , Weijie Su , Qi Long

Watermarking generative models consists of planting a statistical signal (watermark) in a model's output so that it can be later verified that the output was generated by the given model. A strong watermarking scheme satisfies the property…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-29 Hanlin Zhang , Benjamin L. Edelman , Danilo Francati , Daniele Venturi , Giuseppe Ateniese , Boaz Barak

Watermarking is a technical means to dissuade malfeasant usage of Large Language Models. This paper proposes a novel watermarking scheme, so-called WaterMax, that enjoys high detectability while sustaining the quality of the generated text…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-21 Eva Giboulot , Teddy Furon

The recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have sparked a growing apprehension regarding the potential misuse. One approach to mitigating this risk is to incorporate watermarking techniques into LLMs, allowing for the tracking…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-10-19 Zhengmian Hu , Lichang Chen , Xidong Wu , Yihan Wu , Hongyang Zhang , Heng Huang

Large-language models (LLMs) are now able to produce text that is, in many cases, seemingly indistinguishable from human-generated content. This has fueled the development of watermarks that imprint a ``signal'' in LLM-generated text with…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-15 Dor Tsur , Carol Xuan Long , Claudio Mayrink Verdun , Hsiang Hsu , Haim Permuter , Flavio P. Calmon

The task of discerning between generated and natural texts is increasingly challenging. In this context, watermarking emerges as a promising technique for ascribing generated text to a specific model. It alters the sampling generation…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-09 Pierre Fernandez , Antoine Chaffin , Karim Tit , Vivien Chappelier , Teddy Furon

The widespread deployment of high-fidelity generative models has intensified the need for reliable mechanisms for provenance and content authentication. In-processing watermarking, embedding a signature into the generative model's synthesis…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-31 Anirudh Nakra , Min Wu

Watermarking techniques offer a promising way to identify machine-generated content via embedding covert information into the contents generated from language models. A challenge in the domain lies in preserving the distribution of original…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-06-26 Yihan Wu , Zhengmian Hu , Junfeng Guo , Hongyang Zhang , Heng Huang

Recent advances in the capabilities of large language models such as GPT-4 have spurred increasing concern about our ability to detect AI-generated text. Prior works have suggested methods of embedding watermarks in model outputs, by…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-06-16 Miranda Christ , Sam Gunn , Or Zamir

The recent explosion of high-quality language models has necessitated new methods for identifying AI-generated text. Watermarking is a leading solution and could prove to be an essential tool in the age of generative AI. Existing approaches…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-25 Miranda Christ , Sam Gunn , Tal Malkin , Mariana Raykova

Watermarking has emerged as a crucial technique for detecting and attributing content generated by large language models. While recent advancements have utilized watermark ensembles to enhance robustness, prevailing methods typically…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-13 Ruibo Chen , Yihan Wu , Xuehao Cui , Jingqi Zhang , Heng Huang

Speculative sampling is a popular technique for accelerating inference in Large Language Models by generating candidate tokens using a fast draft model and accepting or rejecting them based on the target model's distribution. While…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-08 Valentin De Bortoli , Alexandre Galashov , Arthur Gretton , Arnaud Doucet

Watermarking acts as a critical safeguard in text generated by Large Language Models (LLMs). By embedding identifiable signals into model outputs, watermarking enables reliable attribution and enhances the security of machine-generated…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Yukang Lin , Jiahao Shao , Shuoran Jiang , Wentao Zhu , Bingjie Lu , Xiangping Wu , Joanna Siebert , Qingcai Chen

The effectiveness of watermark algorithms in AI-generated text identification has garnered significant attention. Concurrently, an increasing number of watermark algorithms have been proposed to enhance the robustness against various…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-01 Xianheng Feng , Jian Liu , Kui Ren , Chun Chen

With the increasing use of large language models (LLMs) in daily life, concerns have emerged regarding their potential misuse and societal impact. Watermarking is proposed to trace the usage of specific models by injecting patterns into…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-05-24 Baizhou Huang , Xiaojun Wan

Large language models generate high-quality responses with potential misinformation, underscoring the need for regulation by distinguishing AI-generated and human-written texts. Watermarking is pivotal in this context, which involves…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-07 Mingjia Huo , Sai Ashish Somayajula , Youwei Liang , Ruisi Zhang , Farinaz Koushanfar , Pengtao Xie

Watermarking language models is essential for distinguishing between human and machine-generated text and thus maintaining the integrity and trustworthiness of digital communication. We present a novel green/red list watermarking approach…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-06-13 Yangxinyu Xie , Xiang Li , Tanwi Mallick , Weijie J. Su , Ruixun Zhang

Watermarking by altering token sampling probabilities based on red-green list is a promising method for tracing the origin of text generated by large language models (LLMs). However, existing watermark methods often struggle with a…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-21 Zongqi Wang , Tianle Gu , Baoyuan Wu , Yujiu Yang

Generative models that can produce realistic images have improved significantly in recent years. The quality of the generated content has increased drastically, so sometimes it is very difficult to distinguish between the real images and…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-02 Mikhail Pautov , Danil Ivanov , Andrey V. Galichin , Oleg Rogov , Ivan Oseledets

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performances in various NLP tasks. They can generate texts that are indistinguishable from those written by humans. Such remarkable performance of LLMs increases their…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-18 Yuki Takezawa , Ryoma Sato , Han Bao , Kenta Niwa , Makoto Yamada
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