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AI models might use deceptive strategies as part of scheming or misaligned behaviour. Monitoring outputs alone is insufficient, since the AI might produce seemingly benign outputs while their internal reasoning is misaligned. We thus…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-06 Nicholas Goldowsky-Dill , Bilal Chughtai , Stefan Heimersheim , Marius Hobbhahn

Data science libraries, such as scikit-learn and pandas, specialize in processing and manipulating data. The data-centric nature of these libraries makes the detection of API misuse in them more challenging. This paper introduces DSCHECKER,…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-10-01 Akalanka Galappaththi , Francisco Ribeiro , Sarah Nadi

Watermarking has recently emerged as an effective strategy for detecting the outputs of large language models (LLMs). Most existing schemes require white-box access to the model's next-token probability distribution, which is typically not…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-24 Dara Bahri , John Wieting

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have ushered in a new era of AI capabilities, demonstrating near-human-level performance across diverse scenarios. While numerous benchmarks (e.g., MMLU) and…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-03 Kangyu Wang , Hongliang He , Lin Liu , Ruiqi Liang , Zhenzhong Lan , Jianguo Li

With the global increase in experimental data artifacts, harnessing them in a unified fashion leads to a major stumbling block - bad metadata. To bridge this gap, this work presents a Natural Language Processing (NLP) informed application,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-02 Sowmya S. Sundaram , Mark A. Musen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used for recommendation tasks due to their general-purpose capabilities. While LLMs perform well in rich-context settings, their behavior in cold-start scenarios, where only limited signals such…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-09-09 Alexandre Andre , Gauthier Roy , Eva Dyer , Kai Wang

Recently, the large language model (LLM) community has shown increasing interest in enhancing LLMs' capability to handle extremely long documents. As various long-text techniques and model architectures emerge, the precise and detailed…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-11 Chonghua Wang , Haodong Duan , Songyang Zhang , Dahua Lin , Kai Chen

In this paper, we initiate our discussion by demonstrating how Large Language Models (LLMs), when tasked with responding to queries, display a more even probability distribution in their answers if they are more adept, as opposed to their…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-10 Tingyu Xia , Bowen Yu , Yuan Wu , Yi Chang , Chang Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant progress in reasoning, demonstrating their capability to generate human-like responses. This study analyzes the problem-solving capabilities of LLMs in the domain of thermodynamics. A…

计算工程、金融与科学 · 计算机科学 2025-12-18 Rebecca Loubet , Pascal Zittlau , Luisa Vollmer , Marco Hoffmann , Sophie Fellenz , Fabian Jirasek , Heike Leitte , Hans Hasse

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming AI across industries, but their development and deployment remain complex. This survey reviews 16 key challenges in building and using LLMs and examines how these challenges are addressed by two…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-01 Shubham Sharma , Sneha Tuli , Narendra Badam

Prompt optimization algorithms for Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in multi-step reasoning but still lack effective uncertainty estimation. This paper introduces a benchmark dataset to evaluate uncertainty metrics, focusing on Answer,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-30 Pei-Fu Guo , Yun-Da Tsai , Shou-De Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across a range of scientific tasks including mathematics, physics, and chemistry. Despite their successes, the effectiveness of LLMs in handling complex statistical…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-11 Yizhang Zhu , Shiyin Du , Boyan Li , Yuyu Luo , Nan Tang

In recent years, neural networks have demonstrated their remarkable ability to discern intricate patterns and relationships from raw data. However, understanding the inner workings of these black box models remains challenging, yet crucial…

机器学习 · 统计学 2024-04-18 Niklas Koenen , Marvin N. Wright

We introduce LAMP (Local Attribution Mapping Probe), a method that shines light onto a black-box language model's decision surface and studies how reliably a model maps its stated reasons to its reported predictions by approximating a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Ryan Chen , Youngmin Ko , Zeyu Zhang , Catherine Cho , Sunny Chung , Mauro Giuffré , Dennis L. Shung , Bradly C. Stadie

Aligning large language models (LLMs) to diverse human preferences is fundamentally challenging since criteria can often conflict with each other. Inference-time alignment methods have recently gained popularity as they allow LLMs to be…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-02-03 Shokichi Takakura , Akifumi Wachi , Rei Higuchi , Kohei Miyaguchi , Taiji Suzuki

Softmax distributions are widely used in machine learning, including Large Language Models (LLMs), where the attention unit uses softmax distributions. We abstract the attention unit as the softmax model, where given a vector input, the…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-06-02 Yuzhou Gu , Zhao Song , Junze Yin

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has significantly influenced the quality of information in decision-making systems, leading to the prevalence of AI-generated content and challenges in detecting misinformation and managing…

Over the past decade, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has had great success recently and is being used in a wide range of academic and industrial fields. More recently, LLMs have made rapid advancements that have propelled AI to a new level,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-17 Da Song , Xuan Xie , Jiayang Song , Derui Zhu , Yuheng Huang , Felix Juefei-Xu , Lei Ma

To evaluate large language models (LLMs) for code, research has used manually created unit test-based benchmarks. However, these tests are often inadequate, missing corner cases and other implementation-specific oddities. This work…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-02-27 Miltiadis Allamanis , Pengcheng Yin

Padding tokens are widely used in large language models (LLMs) to equalize sequence lengths during batched inference. While they should be fully masked, implementation errors can cause them to influence computation, and the extent of this…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Rom Himelstein , Amit LeVi , Yonatan Belinkov , Avi Mendelson